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Eugenol Basil. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Eugenol basil, Ocimum gratissimum. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Basil (Ocimum)

Family: Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae)

Origin: Eugenol basil comes from the tropical regions of Asia and Africa.

Area: The plant is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, especially in India, Indonesia and Central America.

Chemical composition: Eugenol basil contains an essential oil, mainly composed of eugenol, which is a valuable antiseptic. The composition also includes camphor, linalool, methylchavicol, tannins, carotenoids and other useful substances.

Economic value: Eugenol basil is used in cooking to add aroma and flavor to various dishes. Also, its oil has found application in perfumery, cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. Eugenol basil is used in folk medicine as a remedy for stomach pains, coughs, colds and other ailments.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Rome, it was considered a symbol of love and friendship, and in India it was considered a sacred plant that was used in religious ceremonies. The symbolic meaning of eugenol basil is also associated with its aroma and taste. It is associated with warmth, love, coziness and comfort. In different cultures, basil is also associated with various qualities such as wisdom, longevity, purity, and strength.

Eugenol basil, Ocimum gratissimum. Description, illustrations of the plant

Eugenol basil, Ocimum gratissimum. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications

Semi-shrub of the Lamiaceae family, 70-100 cm high with a highly branched fibrous root, up to 80 cm long in an annual and up to 1 m in a perennial.

The central stem of eugenol basil is erect, tetrahedral, woody at the base. The bush is strongly branched, has up to 20 shoots located at an acute angle to the central one. The branches and the top of the central stem are red-violet in color, pubescent.

The leaves are ovate-lanceolate, large (4-5 cm long), opposite, pubescent on the underside, with notches along the edges. The whitish-dirty flowers are arranged in spike-shaped inflorescences at the ends of the central stem and side shoots. The fruits are round, very small dark brown nuts.

About 150 species of basil are distributed in the wild as a perennial shrub in subtropical and tropical countries. It is cultivated in Georgia and the southern regions of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia as an annual herbaceous plant.

Vegetation of eugenol basil during seedling propagation lasts from 145 to 168 days. The duration of this period is greatly influenced by air temperature. When it drops to 15°, the development of plants is sharply inhibited, and short frosts (-1°C) cause their death.

Eugenol basil is demanding on light, moisture and soil. Shading causes growth retardation, a sharp decrease in foliage and non-ripening of seeds. A similar phenomenon is observed when cultivating on heavy clay soils poor in organic matter.

The richest black soils are the best. Eugenol basil is very sensitive to the application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The content of essential oil in the plant is highest during the budding period. During the period of mass flowering of basil, the content of essential oil in it is almost halved.

A similar phenomenon occurs with the accumulation of ascorbic acid, the content of which decreases three times during the period of mass flowering.

Eugenol basil is widely used as a flavor additive in canning in the food industry. Its main use is as a raw material for the production of vanillin.

Cultivation. Basil is propagated by seeds and seedlings. With the seedling method, basil seeds are sown in a greenhouse or hotbed at a soil temperature of 18-20 ° C to a depth of 1-1,5 cm.

To increase the germination of seeds, they are mixed with sand in a ratio of 1: 4, watered with warm water and germinated at a temperature of 30-35 ° C.

When sprouts appear, the seeds are sown in a greenhouse or greenhouse.

The temperature in the greenhouse should be maintained at 20-25 °C.

After 10 days, after the emergence of seedlings, they are thinned out and fed with a 0,2% solution of ammonium nitrate and a 4% solution of superphosphate. 10 days after the first feeding, the second is carried out with a 1:10 solution of chicken manure and the third time with a 3% solution of ammonium nitrate. After the third feeding, seedlings begin to harden from gradual ventilation until the frames are completely removed.

Soils for eugenol basil should be fertile with good aeration. Leguminous crops are the best predecessor. Soil cultivation begins in the fall. Do a deep digging (25-30 cm) with the introduction of manure at the rate of 2-4 kg, 3-3,5 g of superphosphate and 2-2,5 g of potassium salt per 1 m2.

Early forest is carefully harrowed. Before sowing, the soil in the rows is slightly compacted and the seeds are sown to a depth of 1-1,5 cm. The distance between the rows is 70 cm.

When propagating by seedlings, plants are sown at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. Seedlings are taken after 5-6 days.

In the first month, eugenol basil grows very slowly and requires systematic weeding, loosening and watering.

Basil is very sensitive to the soil and therefore needs periodic mineral feeding. The first feeding must be done at the beginning of the branching of the main stem, the second - during the period of mass budding, the third - before flowering.

Basil is harvested during the period of mass flowering of lateral shoots and browning of seeds in the middle part of the central inflorescence. Dry the grass in the shade under a canopy. Dried plants retain their color and aroma well for a long time. When growing basil for seeds, harvesting begins when the seeds of the central inflorescences and branches of the first order ripen.

Authors: Yurchenko L.A., Vasilkevich S.I.

Eugenol basil, Ocimum gratissimum L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use

The Lamiaceae family is an annual subshrub with woody bases of stems that give numerous branches. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. The flowers are collected in complex inflorescences, consisting of false whorls, and are located at the ends of the branches. The fruits are small round smooth dark brown nuts. Propagated by seeds.

The leaves and inflorescences contain 0,3-0,6% essential oil, the release of which with the maximum content of phenols in it (up to 70%) is observed during the period of mass flowering of branches of the XNUMXst order and the formation of seeds of wax maturity in the lower part of the central inflorescence. It should be noted that during drying, not only the yield of essential oil decreases, but also the content of phenols in it.

It is found in Africa, Southeast Asia, southern Russia, Ukraine, Moldova.

The phenolic part of the oil consists of eugenol (up to 70%), eugenol esters (up to 1,5%), the non-phenolic part is a mixture of ocimene (myrcene) and monocyclic sesquiterpenes.

A plant with a moderately bitter taste and a strong spicy-burning aroma is the prototype of cloves, allspice.

It has long been known as an aromatic seasoning. Its greens have a delicate aroma that has various shades: lemon, clove, mint and gives the food a flavor reminiscent of pepper. The most fragrant leaves and young shoots at the beginning of flowering.

Eugenol basil is widely used in Western and South European cuisine, especially French and Greek, as well as in Transcaucasian. In fresh, dried, salted and frozen form, it is used as a spicy seasoning for salads, first and second courses.

For the food industry, this type of basil is of great interest as a possible substitute for clove oil, the main aromatic component of which is eugenol.

In the canning industry, all parts of the plant are used in the phase from the beginning of flowering to the beginning of seed formation. Eugenol basil is included in compositions for preserving vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet peppers, squash) together with garden marjoram, garden savory or black savory.

Basil is also added to flavoring compositions for compotes from apples (together with clary sage) and pears, in the manufacture of various jams, marmalades, preserves, marmalades, juices, jellies. This brings variety to the taste range of manufactured products.

Eugenol, obtained from the essential oil of eugenol basil, is widely used in the medical and perfumery and cosmetic industries and as a raw material for the production of vanillin. Eugenol is used in dental practice as a disinfectant. In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, hybrids with mint-leaved basil with a high yield of oil and eugenol (Yubileiny variety) were bred.

In folk medicine, basil was used internally as an antispasmodic, lactogenic and antiemetic, for epilepsy, as a means of causing menstruation when it was temporarily stopped, for the treatment of alcoholism, externally for poultices, baths and rinses as a wound healing, emollient, for rheumatism; dried herb powder was given to sniff to relieve migraine headaches. It was believed that the fresh leaves of eugenol basil give tomato juice tonic properties.

Currently, eugenol basil is not used in medicine, it is used mainly in cooking. Its use in diets is indicated for flatulence, improves digestion.

Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.

Eugenol basil, Ocimum gratissimum. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For the treatment of respiratory diseases: Eugenol basil can help relieve coughs and nasal congestion. To do this, make an infusion of basil leaves. Cut the basil leaves into pieces and pour boiling water over it. Let it steep for a few minutes, then strain and drink. To treat cough, you can add honey and lemon.
• To reduce joint pain: eugenol basil contains eugenol oil, which can help relieve joint pain. To do this, use basil oil. Apply oil to sore joints and massage until completely absorbed.
• To treat infections: Eugenol basil has antibacterial properties that can help reduce infections. To do this, use an infusion of basil leaves. Cut the basil leaves into pieces and pour boiling water over it. Let it steep for a few minutes, then strain and drink.
• To improve digestion: Eugenol basil can help improve digestion and reduce intestinal gas. To do this, use an infusion of basil leaves. Cut the basil leaves into pieces and pour boiling water over it. Let it steep for a few minutes, then strain and drink.
• To lower blood sugar levels: Basil eugenol may help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. To do this, use an infusion of basil leaves. Cut the basil leaves into pieces and pour boiling water over it. Let it steep for a few minutes, then strain and drink.
• To improve your mood: Eugenol basil can help improve mood and reduce stress. To do this, use an infusion of basil leaves. Cut the basil leaves into pieces and pour boiling water over it. Let it steep for a few minutes, then strain and drink.
• To improve vision: Eugenol basil contains antioxidants that may help improve eyesight. To do this, you should eat fresh basil leaves in food.
• To strengthen immunity: Eugenol basil contains vitamin C, which can help boost immunity. To do this, eat fresh basil leaves or make an infusion of the leaves.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: Mix in a cup 1 tbsp fresh basil juice, 1 tbsp aloe vera gel and 1 tbsp honey. Apply the mixture on your face and leave it on for 15-20 minutes. Then wash off with warm water. This mask will help moisturize and soothe the skin.
• Hand cream: Mix 1 tablespoon of coconut oil and 5-10 drops of basil oil in a cup. Apply the cream on your hands and massage until completely absorbed. This cream will help soften and moisturize the skin of the hands.
• Body Scrub: Mix in a cup 1 tablespoon of sea salt, 1 tablespoon of olive oil and 5-10 drops of basil oil. Apply the mixture on the body and massage in circular motions. Then wash off with warm water. This scrub will help cleanse and moisturize your skin.
• Face tonic: Mix 1 tablespoon fresh basil juice and 1 tablespoon rose water in a cup. Apply toner to your face with a cotton pad. This tonic will help refresh and hydrate the skin.
• Hair oil: mix 1 tablespoon of burdock oil and 5-10 drops of basil oil in a cup. Apply the oil to your hair and massage into your scalp. Then leave the oil on your hair for 30-60 minutes. Then wash your hair with shampoo. This oil will help strengthen the hair and improve its growth.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Eugenol basil, Ocimum gratissimum. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing eugenol basil:

Cultivation:

• Soil and Light: Eugenol basil prefers full sun and grows in well-drained soils. It can also grow in partial shade.
• Planting and Depth: Eugenol basil should be planted in holes that are as deep as the plant's root system.
• Distance between plants: The distance between plants should be at least 20 cm so that the plants have enough room to grow and develop.
• Plant care: Water basil regularly, especially during periods of dryness. You can also fertilize the plants with organic fertilizers in spring and summer. Trim plants to maintain their shape and promote growth. Remove weeds around plants.

Workpiece:

• Eugenol basil can be used fresh or dried.
• To dry basil, gather the leaves and dry them on paper towels in a dark place.
• To preserve the aroma and taste of the leaves, it is necessary to avoid excessive thermal exposure during drying.

Storage:

• Fresh eugenol basil is best stored in the refrigerator in a bag or container.
• Dried basil is stored in dry conditions at room temperature in a sealed container.
• Fresh eugenol basil is stored no more than 5-7 days, and dried - no more than 6 months.
• When growing, harvesting and storing eugenol basil, it is important to monitor the conditions in order to preserve its aroma, taste and beneficial properties.

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