Geyser at home. Drawing, description

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Geyser at home. Children's Science Lab

Children's Science Lab

Imagine a flask filled with water with a stopper through which a tube is passed almost to the bottom. If the water is heated to a boil, then a fountain of hot water will begin to beat from the pipe. For the first time such a device was proposed in 1615 by the French engineer-builder of fountains (there was such a profession!) Solomon de Caux. The result was a water-lifting machine without moving parts, acting only by the power of fire. For centuries, the idea captivated the minds of inventors, in their imagination, hot jets spun all kinds of wheels ... Now such devices are called thermomechanical pumps.

What type of thermomechanical pumps will be so practical that it will become the basis for the engine, practice will show. We suggest you experiment at home with intermittent devices.

Geyser at home

It is best to use a tiny steam boiler from a miniature steam engine. It consists of a shell (cylindrical part) and two bottoms connected by soldering. The shell is made as follows. Stretch a strip of tin from a tin can measuring 80x200 mm several times around a thick rod - the workpiece will take the form of a regular ring. Now, from its middle part, without straightening, measure a piece 120-130 mm long with a tailor's meter and cut it out.

Roll this tin into a neat cylinder and tie it with a thin flexible wire, preferably nichrome, from an old electric stove. Now it's easy to solder the seam. The bottoms are two tin circles, which are given a spherical shape with the help of a hammer with a convex striker. This should be done on the end of the stump or on a piece of lead. Solder the bottoms with the convex side inward, bend the edges and solder. Having made two holes in the shell, solder copper tubes with an outer diameter of 3-4 mm. One will serve to fill the water. It is straight, has a length of 40 mm. Another - output - for putting on a hose, bent at a right angle. Its workpiece length is 100 mm.

Pieces of a rubber hose from the fuel supply system in a truck will be put on the tubes. The boiler is fastened with wire on a stand bent from tin. It also serves as a firebox, and "dry alcohol" as fuel. (Note that this is by no means "dried" medical alcohol, but another, very toxic substance!)

Any steam boiler, even a small one, is in principle explosive. It will be made safe by devices that quickly release steam with a dangerous increase in pressure. In our case, this role will be performed by pieces of hose worn on copper pipes, but in no case should they be tied or fixed in any way.

First of all, this is a long piece of hose (30-40 cm) put on the outlet pipe. Water is poured into the boiler with a syringe through the filling tube.

Then take a piece of hose 10 cm long, bend it and tie it with a thread. Put the free end on the tube. It turns out a cover that can act as a safety valve. If the pressure rises, in any case, one of the "valves" will break and release excess steam. However, when experimenting, you should be careful and be sure to wear a plexiglass visor, motorcycle goggles or a diving mask, and protect your hands.

So, the boiler is filled, the fire is burning, steam is coming out of the hose. Lower the hose into a basin of water as shown in the illustration. Soon, trickles of water will periodically fly out of it. Just a real geyser at home! At the same time, by choosing the length of the hose, it is possible to achieve that the water comes out almost cold, and its drops rise by 1-2 m. Now direct the jet to the turbine. Her wheel is soldered from tin. 4-6 blades are enough. It is desirable to make each of them look like a spoon by punching. This will greatly improve efficiency. The speed of rotation of the impeller with good performance can reach 600 rpm. Efficiency, however, is less than one percent!

You can improve the quality of the installation, but just do not increase the pressure in the boiler. Is it dangerous. You can, for example, increase the temperature of the steam. In general, for further work on a heat engine, you must definitely get acquainted with the basics of heat engineering. A textbook for vocational school "Fundamentals of Heat Engineering", authors M.S. Ilyukhin and T.F. Sidorenkov.

Author: A.Vargin

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