Why are Belgian blue cows with extremely high muscle mass valued? Detailed answer

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Why are Belgian blue cows with extremely high muscle mass valued? Detailed answer

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Why are Belgian blue cows with extremely high muscle mass valued?

Belgian blue cows, also called monster cows, are characterized by extremely high muscle mass. This breed appeared due to a random mutation in the gene responsible for myostatin, a protein that prevents excessive muscle growth. Belgian blue cows are valued for their lean meat with minimal fat content and are bred by linebreeding, that is, crossing individuals with their direct ancestors.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who built the first castle?

The idea of building a castle was connected with defense. In fact, the English word "castle" comes from the Latin word for "fortress". Therefore, a castle is the home of a ruler or lord that could be defended. Even in ancient Egypt, royal palaces were fortified with towers and parapets and looked like castles. In ancient Greece, chiefs also fortified their palaces. But castles, as we now think of them, began to appear in the Middle Ages in Western Europe in 1000-1500 AD. The reason for this was the feudal system.

Individual nobles ruled over their own part of the country and people. They often attacked neighboring lands and captured them in order to strengthen their power. Of course, they could also be attacked in response. Therefore, they turned their houses into strong fortresses and thus built what we call castles. Since the development conditions in most of Europe were the same, the castles built were very similar, whether in France, Germany, Spain or England.

One of the first such structures was the Tower of London, founded in 1078 by William the Conqueror. There were several floors, double walls, small windows and spiral staircases at the corners of the tower. The Lord and his military garrison lived in the Tower. Another ancient castle - Gedingham - was built in Essex in 1130. The stone walls in it were 6 meters thick, and even thicker in the corners. The castle had a huge two-story central hall. The only source of light was a few small windows high up in the wall. This was done for the needs of defense.

Later castles were built around courtyards to provide more space and amenities for the people living there.

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Random news from the Archive

New water state discovered 26.09.2020

Supercooled water is two liquids in one. American researchers came to this conclusion after conducting the first-ever measurements of liquid water at temperatures well below its usual freezing point.

Despite the extremely wide distribution, water as a chemical substance is still not fully understood. Scientists sometimes call it the most mysterious substance on Earth.

The fact is that water is not like other liquids - when it freezes, it expands, and does not shrink, like everyone else, its density decreases. Therefore, water ice does not sink, but floats on the surface. Water has a high boiling point and is an excellent solvent, therefore, under various conditions, most organic and inorganic substances dissolve in it. And finally, it has a huge coefficient of surface tension. Thanks to all these unique properties, water has become the basis of life on Earth.

Water has another interesting quality - it freezes very "reluctantly". If other liquids begin to solidify gradually, immediately after they pass the freezing point, then water "resists" to the last. And to start hardening, it always needs crystallization nuclei - suspended particles of mineral or organic origin.

Researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) of the US Department of Energy decided to test, if there are no such particles, up to what temperature the water will remain liquid.

It is known that water can be present in clouds in the form of supercooled drops even at very low temperatures, and then, when fine ice dust gets into these clouds from above, from higher and colder layers, the drops instantly crystallize and fall to the ground in the form of ice pellets. or hail.

Scientists in the laboratory destroyed a thin ice film with a laser, creating supercooled liquid water, and then, using infrared spectroscopy, tracked all the smallest stages of its transformations in the temperature range from 135 to 245 kelvins - from minus 138 to minus 28 degrees Celsius.

On freeze-frames of the phase states, the scientists saw that when supercooled, water condenses into a dense liquid phase, which continues to coexist with the normal liquid phase. At the same time, the proportion of liquid with high density decreases rapidly as the temperature rises from 190 to 245 Kelvin.

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