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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Raspberry ordinary. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Rubus Family: Rosaceae (pink) Origin: Eurasia and North America Area: The common raspberry grows in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia and North America. Chemical composition: Raspberries contain organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric, butyric, salicylic), sugars, pectin, minerals, vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, carotene, essential oils. Economic value: Raspberries are used in the food industry for the production of compotes, syrups, jams, jams, marmalade, and also as a filling for baking. Raspberries also have medicinal properties and are prescribed in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Raspberry leaves are used to make tinctures and decoctions that have a hemostatic and blood-purifying effect. Raspberries are grown as an ornamental plant to decorate gardens and parks. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Roman mythology, the raspberry was associated with the goddess of love, Venus, and was considered a symbol of love and passion. Some versions of the myth say that the goddess of love acquired the red cap when it was covered in drops of blood spilled while picking raspberries. In heraldry, the raspberry symbolizes wealth and generosity. Symbolically, raspberries are associated with the concepts of love, passion, wealth and generosity. It can also symbolize summer, life and growth.
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Description, illustrations of the plant Raspberry, Rubus idaeus L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Semi-shrub 50-150 cm high. Stem erect, with sharp thorns, sometimes pubescent. The leaves are pointed at the top, serrated along the edges, green above, almost bare, white below, pubescent. Flowers are racemose, small, white. The fruit is a juicy raspberry-coloured drupe, easily separated from the receptacle. Blooms in June-July. Raspberries have been known since the prehistoric period, as evidenced by archaeological excavations. The ancient Greeks and Romans collected it in the forests and used it not only as food, but also as a remedy. For the first time, raspberries were introduced into culture in the Middle Ages. Then she was transferred from the forests to the monastery gardens. In the wild, raspberries grow on forest edges and clearings. Widely cultivated. Raspberry culture requires light, air, space, moisture. It is propagated in special nurseries by root and green cuttings. To get seedlings yourself, it is best to use root offspring. One or two high-yielding bushes are chosen, growing offspring 10-15 cm high are dug out with a clod of earth and transplanted to a permanent place. In mid-latitude conditions, raspberries are planted in late autumn or early spring, until the buds begin to grow. After planting, the seedlings are pruned, leaving shoots 20-30 cm long above the soil surface. Until the end of summer, the soil is periodically loosened. In the absence of rain, the plants are watered. The shrub begins to bear fruit in the second year. Raspberries are characterized by a two-year cycle of growth and development of basal branches. Every year, immediately after harvest, biennial branches are cut out. In early spring, the branches are cut again, leaving 1-2 shoots per 15 m20. In the summer they are tied to stakes or stretched wire. Some varieties of raspberries bear fruit from July until the onset of cold weather. Harvest fruits ripe, without pedicels. Planting is used for no more than 15 years, after which a new one is laid. Dried raspberries are used for medicinal purposes. The fruits are pre-cured in the sun, then placed in an oven or oven. Dry at a temperature of 50-60 °C. A sign of well-dried fruits is the loss of the ability to stain the hands. Store them in a dry place. The fruits contain a lot of sugars (mainly glucose, fructose) and organic acids. Raspberries are rich in pectin and tannins. According to the content of potassium, copper and phosphorus, raspberries are among the top ten fruits; less iron and calcium. The vitamin composition is not very rich, but diverse: carotene, vitamins B1, B2, C, P, PP, E and folic acid. Especially a lot of substances with P-vitamin activity (vasoconstrictor). Raspberry leaves contain tannins, phenolic compounds. Raspberries have long been known and revered, especially in Rus'. She is mentioned in epics, legends, songs and legends. In the Russian herbalist they wrote: “There is a certain sweetness in raspberry juice and that juice is pleasant, the tremors of the heart will subside and the pain will stop. Raspberries were considered a universal remedy. Subsequently, these properties were confirmed in clinical conditions. Scientific medicine today recommends raspberries as a diaphoretic, antipyretic, to improve digestion and increase appetite. It is useful in atherosclerosis and hypertension. The fruits also have antiemetic and analgesic effects. In addition, they help with hemorrhages in the stomach, intestines, with heavy menstruation. Raspberry is used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders, in particular for beriberi. Raspberry leaves have an astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and blood-purifying effect. An infusion or decoction of the leaves is taken for diarrhea, gastritis, respiratory diseases, and fever. They are used externally for skin diseases (rashes, acne, dermatitis, lichen), tonsillitis, gum disease. In addition to medicinal properties, raspberries have high taste and wonderful aroma. It is used fresh and also processed. Many delicious and healthy dessert dishes are prepared from raspberries. It is ground with sugar and kept in this form until a new harvest, dried; jam, juice, jelly, mousse, jam, syrup, marmalade, all kinds of drinks are prepared from it. Raspberries are used as a filling for pies, added to puddings, cakes. Raspberries are a wonderful honey plant. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Raspberry ordinary. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
It grows everywhere on forest edges, glades, among shrubs, along the banks of rivers, lakes, along clearings, is bred in gardens, in household plots. There are more than 100 types of raspberries, the most common is the common raspberry. Shrub up to 1,5-2 m in height. The rhizome is sinuous, woody, with multiple adventitious roots that penetrate the ground and give above-ground shoots. In the first year, the shoots are grassy, green, juicy, covered with thin spines, barren, fruit buds are just beginning to form in the axils of the leaves. The shoots of the second year become stiff, fruit-bearing lateral branches grow from the axils of the leaves, bearing flower buds, which dry up immediately after fruiting. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, compound with 3-7 ovate leaflets, dark green above, whitish below, pubescent with small hairs. Blooms in June - July. The flowers are white, about 1 cm across, collected in small racemose inflorescences, located on the tops of the stems or in the axils of the leaves. Blooms for a long time. The fruits are hairy drupes fused on the receptacle into a complex fruit. In wild raspberries, the drupes easily disintegrate, in cultivated raspberries they grow together tightly. The fruits are red, in cultivated varieties are yellow, fragrant, sweet or sweet and sour. They do not ripen at the same time, in July-August. The fruits contain organic acids, glucose, fructose, tannic, coloring, nitrogenous, pectin, resinous, anti-sclerotic substances, potassium salts, copper, vitamins C, groups B, P, carotene, pigments, fatty, essential oils, phytosterol, etc. Dried fruits contain proteins, purine, carbohydrates, seeds contain fatty oil, phytosterol. Excellent honey plant. Raspberries are used in food. They make jam, marmalade, jams, jelly, compotes, kissels, marmalade, figs, make stuffing for sweets, pies, juices. Raspberry is a tender berry, often affected by a raspberry bug. Therefore, the berries must be carefully sorted out and consumed on the day of collection. In the presence of larvae, the berries are treated with a 1-2% solution of table salt for 5-10 minutes. The larvae float to the top, they are removed, and the berries are washed under a weak stream of water. Raspberry jam. Pour berries with hot sugar syrup for 5 hours. Drain the syrup, bring to a boil, put the berries in it and cook until tender, periodically removing from heat for 10 minutes. 1 kg raspberries, 1,2 kg sugar, 200 ml water. You can cook jam with sugar instead of syrup. To do this, fill the berries with half the norm of sugar for b-8 hours. Drain the juice that stands out, add the remaining sugar to it, heat, stirring, until boiling. When the sugar dissolves, cool the syrup a little, pour into the berries and cook until tender. 1 kg of raspberries, 1,2-1,5 kg of sugar. Raspberry compote. Pour raspberries with sugar syrup for 6 hours. Drain the syrup, heat to a boil. Arrange the berries in sterilized hot jars, pour boiling syrup, cover with lids and pasteurize: half-liter jars - 10, liter - 15 minutes, then cork. 1 kg of raspberries, 0,5 kg of sugar, 2,5 liters of water, Raspberry Fig. Pour the raspberries in layers with sugar for 5 hours, after which the berries are carefully transferred to the basin and cook over low heat until the mass begins to separate well from the bottom and walls of the basin. Put the mass on a plate moistened with cold water, smooth the surface with a knife or spoon, air dry, cut into pieces of various sizes and shapes, sprinkle with powdered sugar or sand and put in jars. Store in a cool place. 1 kg of raspberries, 0,5 kg of sugar, 100 g of powdered sugar. Raspberry pasta. Keep the raspberries in a warm oven or oven until the berries are soft, then rub through a sieve or colander. Mix the juice with sugar, cook until the consistency of marshmallow, put into molds and dry in the oven. 1 kg raspberries, 0,5 kg sugar. Raspberries with sugar. Mix the berries with sugar, heat to a temperature of 70-80 ° C, place in sterilized hot jars and pasteurize: half-liter jars - 20, liter - 30 minutes. You can not pasteurize if you put twice as much sugar. 1 kg raspberries, 1 kg sugar. Raspberry jelly. Boil the berries in water for 15-20 minutes, strain through cheesecloth, add sugar to the broth and cook, stirring often, over low heat for 45-50 minutes. Pour hot jelly into jars, molds. Store in a cool place. 1 kg of raspberries, 0,5 l of water, 250 g of sugar. Raspberry cream. In the berries, rubbed through a colander, add the yolks, pounded with sugar, pour in the diluted gelatin and beat well until a homogeneous thick mass. Then add beaten egg whites, mix gently. Keep refrigerated. Serve with cookies, pies, muffins. 0,5 kg of raspberries, 4 eggs, 1 tablespoon of gelatin, sugar to taste.
In folk medicine, berries, flowers and raspberry leaves are used. They improve the functions of the stomach, intestines, have an antiseptic, diaphoretic, analgesic, antipyretic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic effect. Fresh raspberries 120-150 g are eaten on an empty stomach 3-4 times a day for atherosclerosis, hypertension, gastritis, colitis, anemia, scurvy. Infusion of raspberry flowers. Infuse 20 g of flowers in 200 ml of boiling water for 30 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day for colds, tonsillitis, flu, acne, erysipelas. Infusion of raspberries. Infuse 100-200 g of dried berries in 600 ml of boiling water for 30 minutes. Drink 2-3 glasses for 1-2 hours at night as a diaphoretic for colds, flu, tonsillitis. Infusion of raspberry flowers and leaves. Infuse 10 g of flowers and leaves in 200 ml of boiling water for 30 minutes, strain. Make lotions, douching for hemorrhoids, female diseases. Infusion of raspberry leaves. Infuse 10-15 g of leaves in 200 ml of boiling water for 30 minutes, strain. Rinse the mouth, throat with sore throat. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day for colitis, cough, skin rashes. A decoction of raspberry leaves. Boil 6-10 g of leaves in 200 ml of water for 10 minutes, strain. Make lotions, wash the skin with acne, erysipelas. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day for coughs, colds, sore throats. Raspberry ointment. Grind clean fresh leaves, squeeze out the juice, stir with petroleum jelly or butter. Lubricate burns, acne and other skin rashes. 1 part raspberry leaf juice, 4 parts vaseline or oil. Raspberry juice. Squeeze juice from berries through gauze. Drink 50-100 ml 3 times a day before meals for colds, gastritis, colitis. Raspberry syrup is used to improve the smell and taste of many medicines. Raspberry is a part of diaphoretic, vitamin, anti-inflammatory, antitussive preparations, Contraindications. Raspberries contain many purine bases, so its use is limited to patients with nephritis, gout. Raspberry berries, leaves, flowers are harvested. For medicinal purposes, mainly forest raspberries are harvested. It is more fragrant, juicier than garden, retains its appearance and shape when dried. The fruits are harvested in dry weather, after the dew has dried. They are carefully removed without a receptacle, immediately laid out in a thin layer on paper, a sieve, a baking sheet and dried in stoves, ovens, dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C. In good weather, raspberries are dried in the sun before drying. Dried fruits are round, cone-shaped, 7,5-12 mm long, gray-red, slightly fragrant peculiar smell, sweet and sour taste. Well-dried fruits do not stick together into lumps, do not stain the hands. Store raw materials in boxes in a well-ventilated area. From 100 kg of fresh fruits, 16-18 kg of dried fruits are obtained. Shelf life of berries - 2 years. Leaves and flowers are collected in June - July, dried in the air. Shelf life - 1 year. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.
Common raspberry, Rubus ideaus L. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Semi-shrub with erect stems up to 80-120 cm tall, oval, light green leaves, Rosaceae family. The fruits are red, the seeds are numerous, fused into a complex drupe. Blossoms in May-June, fruits ripen in late July - early August. Range and habitats. Grows in clearings, forests, shrubs, river banks. It is widely grown in gardens in many regions of the world. Chemical composition. Fruits contain up to 11% sugars (glucose, fructose, pentose), traces of essential oil, pectin and protein substances, mucus; vitamins C, A, B; 1-2% organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric, salicylic, etc.), alcohols (tartaric, isoamyl), ketones (acetoin, diacetyl, beta-ionone), anthocyanin cyanine, catechins (d-catechin, l-epigallocatechin); up to 0,3% tannins. Seeds contain up to 22% fatty oil. Berries are harvested ripe, without pedicels. Remove accidentally fallen leaves, unripe, overripe or spoiled fruits, stalks. Then they are preliminarily dried in the sun, poured into sieves or sieves with a thin layer, no more than 3 cm. Dry in several chilled ovens or in vegetable dryers. A sign of well-dried fruits is the loss of the ability of the berries to stain the hands.
Application in medicine. Raspberry is both medicinal and food. It is consumed fresh, dry and, in recent years, frozen. Useful substances of raspberries are better preserved in frozen berries. Frozen raspberries are dipped for 2 minutes in warm water, after which it is suitable for consumption. Dried raspberries are brewed like tea: 1-2 teaspoons per cup of boiling water, drunk hot for colds as a diaphoretic. In the diaphoretic action of raspberries, great importance is attached to the conditions of admission, according to which, after tea from raspberries, it is necessary to go to bed. Raspberries are useful as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders, in particular for vitamin D deficiency. Raspberries are used to improve appetite in diseases of the stomach and intestines. Raspberry leaves are popularly used as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory diseases, gastritis, enteritis. Four teaspoons of crushed raspberry leaves are brewed with two cups of boiling water, filtered and drunk half a cup 4 times a day. An infusion of raspberry leaves is used to gargle. Raspberry fruits are often used in combination with other substances, for example, with anise seeds, coltsfoot leaves, lime blossom, taken in equal amounts of 1 tablespoon. From this mixture, take 1 teaspoon per cup of boiling water and drink like tea - 3-4 cups a day. Raspberries are also combined with lime blossom in equal parts and drunk like tea - 1 teaspoon per glass of boiling water. Raspberry fruits are combined with coltsfoot leaves in 2 parts and oregano grass in one part: brewed like tea, at the rate of a teaspoon per glass of boiling water, drink 1 glass 3-4 times a day1. Other uses. Widely used in cooking. Honey plant. Due to the fact that the raspberry flower is tilted down, the bee extracting nectar is, as it were, under a natural canopy and can work even during a light warm rain. From nectar collected from 1 ha of flowering forest raspberries, bees get 70 kg of honey, and from 1 ha of garden raspberries - 50 kg. In places of abundant distribution in Western Siberia, the control hive showed gains of 3-4 kg per day. Raspberry honey contains 41,34% levulose and 33,57% glucose, has a pleasant smell and taste. Bees, collecting nectar, increase the yield of raspberries by 60-100%. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Raspberry is a perennial shrub from the Rosaceae family up to 2 m high, which gives beautiful fruits that are wonderful in taste and aroma. There are more than 600 wild species alone and much more cultivated ones. Raspberries grow in forests, in clearings, in ravines, among bushes, along the banks of rivers, streams and near roads. Cultivated as a food, ornamental and medicinal plant. The berries contain sugars (4,3% glucose, up to 8% fructose, up to 66% sucrose in terms of dry matter), 4-6% fiber, pectin, organic acids, minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron) and vitamins B1, B2, PP, C (14-46 mg%) and carotene. Such a wealth of vitamins, microelements, organic acids and many other substances puts raspberries among the most valuable berries. At home, from raspberries, you can cook a lot of tasty and healthy dishes that have dietary and medicinal properties. It is recommended to use it for atherosclerosis, as a highly vitamin and anti-inflammatory agent. In food, you can use not only berries, but also young shoots and raspberry leaves. Young green shoots peeled from a dense skin are a good supplier of vitamins in the spring. But shoots can only be recommended to those who got lost in the forest and were left without food. Raspberry leaves are used to make a complex tea with high taste and medicinal properties. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Family Rosaceae, masses Dicotyledonous, department Angiosperms. Raspberries are often found in deciduous forests. Its numerous shoots from 60 to 120 cm high form thickets. Raspberry leaves are pinnate, with 5-7 lobes, the upper ones with three. Raspberries bloom from June to autumn. Flowers with a white five-petaled corolla, clasped from below with a five-parted calyx; have many stamens and pistils. We call juicy, ripe, tasty raspberries a berry, but this is a collection of small drupes, like small cherries with a stone inside. Raspberry is a perennial shrub with thorns on the stems. Separate shoots live for two years, but the rhizomes last for a long time, so raspberry thickets stay in the same place for several years. Shoots growing from an underground rhizome do not produce berries in the first year of life, they have only leaves. In the second year, side branches grow from strong reddish overwintered shoots, on which flowers develop, which then give multi-drupe fruits. After fruiting, the above-ground shoot dries up and dies. In forests, such shoots rot over time, and in gardens they must be specially cut. From the flowing wind, the green bushes become silver-white. This is due to the fact that the wind turns the raspberry leaves, which have felt pubescence on the underside. It protects the plant from excessive evaporation of moisture, and from its excess. Raspberries are often overgrown with clearings and places of former conflagrations. In areas with high humidity, it becomes ill and dies. Raspberry is a very valuable honey and medicinal plant. Her "berries" in the forest feed on hazel grouse and other birds. Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin name of the genus Rubus comes from "ruber" (red) and is associated with the color of raspberries. Common raspberry is a deciduous shrub with a perennial rhizome, from which two-year above-ground stems 1,5-2,5 m high develop. The rhizome is winding, woody, with multiple adventitious roots forming a powerful branched system. Stems erect. Shoots of the first year are herbaceous, green with a bluish bloom, juicy, covered with thin, usually frequent miniature thorns. In the second year, the shoots become stiff and turn brown, dry up immediately after fruiting, but new stems grow from the same root the next year. The leaves are oval, alternate, petiolate, compound, with 3-7 ovate leaflets, dark green above, whitish below, pubescent with small hairs. The flowers are white, about 1 cm across, collected in small racemose inflorescences, located on the tops of the stems or in the axils of the leaves. Petals shorter than calyx. Blooms from June to July, sometimes until August. The fruits are small hairy drupes fused on the receptacle into a complex fruit. The fruits are usually red in color (from pink to deep burgundy), but there are varieties of yellow and even black (blackberry). Fruit usually appears in the second year. In the first year, only two flower buds are laid on the replacement shoots in the axils of the leaves, from which fruit twigs grow in the second year. In the southern regions, fruits also appear on the shoots of the first year in mid-autumn. There are also remontant raspberry varieties that can bear fruit on the shoots of the first year. Common raspberry is a Euro-Siberian species with a broken range. The main part of the range covers the forest and adjacent zones of the forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia and Western Siberia. In the eastern part of the range, common raspberry is replaced by a closely related species - Sakhalin raspberry (Rubus sachalinensis Levl.). It grows in most of the territory of the Far East, Eastern and Central Siberia. Her leaves are always trifoliate. In the Far East (in Primorye and the Amur Region), hawthorn-leaved raspberry - Rubus crataegifolius Bunge is common. Its leaves are five-lobed, deep heart-shaped, wide. Grows in clearings, forests, shrubs, river banks. Widely bred in gardens, has many varieties. Fruits contain up to 11% sugars (glucose, fructose, pentose), traces of essential oil, pectin and protein substances, mucus; vitamins C, A, B; 1-2% organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric, salicylic, etc.), alcohols (tartaric, isoamyl), ketones (acetoin, diacetyl, b-ionone), anthocyanin cyanine, catechins (d-catechin, l-epigallocatechin); up to 0,3% tannins. Seeds contain up to 22% fatty oil. Raspberries are consumed both fresh and frozen or used to make jam, jelly, marmalade, juices. Raspberry wines, liqueurs, tinctures, liqueurs have high taste qualities. Raspberry fruit (Fructus Rubiidaei) is used as a medicinal raw material. The fruits are harvested mature, without pedicels and receptacle. Dry after preliminary drying in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, spreading the raw material in a thin layer on fabric or paper. In medicine, dried fruits are used as a diaphoretic, syrup - to improve the taste of mixtures. Raspberries, like the fruits of other berry crops, contain vitamins, carbohydrates and organic acids. Of the organic acids with medicinal properties, the largest share is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the content of which reaches 45%. The share of citric and malic acids in total is approximately 2,5%. The content of salicylic acid in raspberries is not so high, but to a greater extent it just determines the diaphoretic properties. In addition to vitamin C, raspberries contain a certain amount of carotene and traces of B vitamins. Although raspberry leaves and flowers are not officially included in the register of medicinal raw materials, when studying their chemical composition, organic substances of various groups with high biological activity, in particular, several flavonoids, were found. The action of preparations made on the basis of raspberry berries, leaves or roots is almost the same as when using blackberries. And here a reasonable question arises: why, in this case, raspberry leaves are not considered medicinal raw materials in scientific medicine? The answer is quite simple - blackberries for medicinal purposes are harvested in places of natural distribution, and raspberries are harvested from cultivated plants. For this reason, depending on the variety and growing conditions, the content of biologically active substances in raspberry leaves or roots can vary widely, which makes it difficult to standardize medicinal raw materials. In the pharmacological industry, a syrup is prepared from raspberries, which is used to improve the taste of medicines. Dried raspberries have proven to be an excellent diaphoretic and antipyretic, prescribed in case of colds and other diseases, for the treatment of which an increase in sweating is of no small importance (flu, tonsillitis, etc.). Preparations from raspberry leaves have astringent properties, which is especially important in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and internal bleeding. Raspberry leaves, like berries, have a diaphoretic and antipyretic effect. The presence of flavonoids in raspberry leaves causes an anti-sclerotic effect.
Serious contraindications, under which the use of raspberries is strictly prohibited, have not actually been identified. In this case, one should take into account the general physiological state of the body, as well as the presence of a number of diseases for which there are dietary restrictions. So, for example, immoderate eating of raspberries can provoke allergic reactions. Those suffering from diabetes should take into account that raspberries contain a certain amount of sugar-containing substances, therefore, such patients need medical consultation to avoid negative consequences. Raspberries increase blood clotting, and this fact must be taken into account by those who are prescribed anticoagulant drugs. Nutritionists recommend consuming 50-100 g of raspberries daily, although some can eat up to 1 kg of berries or more at a time, without any negative consequences, however, without much benefit from such an excess. Raspberries are of the greatest importance as a food plant. In addition, she is a good honey plant. Due to the fact that the raspberry flower is tilted down, the bee extracting nectar is, as it were, under a natural canopy and can work even during a light warm rain. From nectar collected from 1 ha of flowering forest raspberries, bees receive 70 kg of honey, and from 1 ha of garden raspberries - 50 kg. Raspberry honey contains 41,34% levulose and 33,57% glucose, has a pleasant smell and taste. Bees, collecting nectar, increase the yield of raspberries by 60-100%. The leaves can serve as a tea substitute. They are crushed by hand, the leaves secrete juice and turn black, and then they are dried in the oven. In folk medicine, fruits and leaves are used for colds, flu, as an antipyretic. For the treatment of certain diseases in folk medicine, the use of preparations prepared using raspberry stems or roots is also practiced. There is no exact information on the content of certain substances in these parts of the plant; only the presence of tannins is known for certain.
Raspberries. reference Information
Raspberries grow in light deciduous and coniferous forests, in open areas, glades, clearings, along the slopes of beams and ravines, shrubs in the European part of Russia, in Ukraine, Siberia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. Raspberries, both fresh and prepared in various ways, are distinguished by high taste and therapeutic and dietary properties. They are fragrant, delicate and pleasant in taste, contain a lot of glucose, fructose, citric and salicylic acids, pectin and nitrogenous substances, various vitamins. Raspberries bloom for a long time. On the shoots, you can see flowers and fruits at the same time, so the period for collecting fruits is relatively long. Jams, jams, marshmallows, syrups, liqueurs are most often prepared from raspberry fruits. Especially tasty and fragrant raspberry jelly. To prepare it, take 1 kg of raspberries, pour 0,5 liters of water and boil for 15 minutes. The broth is filtered through gauze, 1,25 kg of sugar is added and boiled, stirring, for 45-50 minutes, until a drop of jelly on a cold plate stops spreading. Hot jelly is poured into molds or jars. Cans of melted cheese can be used. Jelly is stored in a cool, dry place all winter. If the jelly is served to the table immediately after cooling, then a little gelatin is added to the hot jelly with sugar. It is preferable to take curly molds and vases. To release the jelly from the mold, the latter is dipped in hot water for a few seconds, and then it is turned over onto plates or vases. The top of the jelly pyramid is decorated with a slice of lemon, a beautiful sprig of currant, cherry or strawberry. There are quite a few recipes for making raspberry cream, jam, which are hardly worth giving, since they are familiar to every housewife. The medicinal properties of raspberries have been known since ancient times. Dry fruits are used to treat fevers and colds, an infusion of flowers is a remedy for viper bites. Currently, dried raspberries are recommended as a diaphoretic for colds. Raspberry juice or raspberry tea with honey is often used for this purpose. Drink raspberry juice and tea warm, 2-3 glasses a day. Author: Reva M.L.
Raspberry ordinary. Interesting plant facts
Shrub or semi-shrub 0,5-1,2 m high of the pink family. The fruit is a composite red drupe. Blooms from June to autumn, fruits ripen from July. Raspberry fruits contain 5,6-11,5% sugars (fructose, glucose and sucrose), up to 0,9 pectin, 4-6 fiber, 0,6-2,2% acids, including salicylic acid, 9,44 mg% vitamin C (300 leaves), vitamins A, B2, PP, 6-sitosterol, which has anti-sclerotic properties, and minerals (salts of iron, potassium and copper ). According to biologically active substances, raspberries are strawberries depleted in vitamin C and enriched with iron. The amount of iron in the pulp from 100 g of raspberries is 2-3,6 mg - that is, much higher than in other crops, with the exception of cherries and gooseberries. Garden raspberries contain a significant amount of salicylic acid (much more than in the forest). Raspberries are the most valuable nutritious product: its nutritional, taste and dietary properties are extremely high. Berries are eaten fresh, frozen, processed into various syrups, tinctures, liqueurs, soft drinks. Raspberry is an ancient medicine. In practical medicine, its dried fruits are used in the form of decoctions as a potent antipyretic for colds, and also as a mild diuretic. Fresh fruits are used as a vitamin remedy that protects against scurvy, and decoctions from fruits and tops of shoots are valued as a diaphoretic and antipyretic. Raspberry is part of the sweatshop. Raspberry syrup is used to improve the taste of medicines for children. A substitute for tea is prepared from the leaves. In folk medicine, raspberries were used as a diaphoretic and antipyretic, for pain in the stomach, to increase appetite, as a vitamin remedy for hypo- and beriberi. It was believed that raspberries increase tone, relieve intoxication after taking drugs, reduce fever and headache. It was used as an antiemetic and hemostatic agent for gastric and intestinal bleeding, heavy menstruation, as an expectorant for bronchitis. Outwardly, a decoction of raspberry fruits was used for rinsing with tonsillitis and other inflammatory diseases of the throat. From dry raspberry leaves, a decoction was prepared for lotions for bruises. An infusion of leaves and flowers was used externally and internally for acne, rashes, eczema and other skin diseases, as an anti-inflammatory and antitoxic agent, for the treatment of erysipelas and for lotions on the eyes with blepharitis. In the past, an infusion of the flowers was used as an antidote for poisonous snake bites, for diseases of the female genital area and hemorrhoids; decoction of branches - as an antitussive; a decoction of raspberry leaves mixed with potash was used for cosmetic purposes for dyeing hair black, fresh crushed leaves in the form of an ointment (one part fresh juice from the leaves and four parts cow's oil or vaseline) - externally for acne. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Raspberries. Useful information
Raspberry is a forest plant. Raspberry flowers are inconspicuous, and people do not pay attention to them. But the bees are hovering around. They work from morning to evening. Even after sunset, when other plants no longer attract them. Raspberry honey is one of the best. And most importantly: raspberries provide bees with nectar every year. They can get it in the cold and even in the rain! Beekeepers appreciate it. Raspberries are very helpful. Dried raspberry tea is used to treat those who catch a cold. Raspberry thickets occupy large spaces in the forest. Along rivers and roads, raspberries can stretch for many kilometers. In the neighborhood with raspberries - blackberry bushes grow. This is the same raspberry, only its berries are not red, but black-gray. Juicy, tasty. In the garden, raspberries are not held back by any fences. She penetrates the fence into the street, and every passer-by can enjoy juicy fruits. They love raspberries and birds. Raspberries are the only berry crop that can grow in difficult conditions, such as on rocks. Climbers climb to the top of the rocks and, to their joy, find sweet berries there. True, the bushes are low, the berries are small. But after all, there is almost no soil on the rocks, only stones. The most powerful of the raspberries, the southern raspberry, lives in New Zealand. She is a liana. Its trunks, thick as logs, wind through other trees, and you can’t even reach the berries. And the shortest - arctic raspberry, lives in the tundra. This is the princess. She is slightly taller than a cranberry. The flower is pink, like that of an ordinary wild rose, only four times smaller. The leaves are similar to strawberry leaves, and the berries are like ordinary raspberries, only half the size. They are also red and with a very strong aroma, much more fragrant than our garden raspberries. Author: Smirnov A.
Raspberries. Features of planting and growing
Raspberries contain: water (about 90%); up to 11% sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose); purines essential, pectin, protein substances, nitrogenous substances; 1-2% organic acids (citric, salicylic, caproic, folic, malic - 5,1 µg per 100 g of product); carotene (provitamin A) - 0,07 mg; manganese (210 mg) and copper (170 mg) iron (1200 mg), zinc (200 mg), potassium salts, manganese, iodine; vitamins B9, B12, B1 (thiamine) - 0,06 mg / 100 g, B2 (riboflavin) - 0 mg, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - 002-25 mg, vitamin E (tocopherol) - 50 mg, vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) - 1 mg / 0 g of berries, vitamin P (bioflavonoids ); catechins (up to 0 mg), anthocyanins (5-100 mg), alcohols (tartaric, isoamyl, phenylethyl); dyes, up to 80% tannins. More than 120 species of wild-growing raspberries are known, only a few are cultivated - about ten, the most common is common raspberry. The fruits of forest raspberries are considered healthier than garden ones; its fruits are smaller, but less watery, more fragrant and sour in taste compared to the garden. Common raspberries belong to the genus Rubus, which is part of the Rosaceae family. It is a semi-shrub or shrub grass. The plant has a woody tortuous rhizome that forms many adventitious roots. Due to them, the root system becomes branched and powerful. Thanks to her shoots can grow to a height of 1,5-2 meters. In the first year, raspberry branches are grassy, gray-green and juicy. They are covered with thin and frequent small spines. The next year they become woody and turn brown. After the completion of the fruiting period, the stiff shoots die off. Instead, the following year, green stems are formed again. During the flowering period, small and racemose inflorescences are formed on the stems, consisting of white flowers. In diameter, they have no more than one centimeter. Flowers are located at the tops of the stems or in the axils of the leaves. Fruiting begins only in the second year after planting. In the first year, flower buds are laid on the shoots. Of these, fruit twigs begin to develop next year in the spring. The raspberry has many small, hairy drupes that have fused into a complex fruit. Depending on the variety, the color of the fruit can be different: yellow, red, dark red and even black. Most often, raspberries are grown in red shades. Raspberries will be really useful if you grow them in your own backyard. This plant is quite unpretentious, it is not afraid of light spring frosts, and the flowering period is quite long and ranges from two to three weeks. Fruit ripening will depend on the weather conditions of the region in which the crop grows and on the place chosen for the raspberry. You can often notice that ripe berries, their ovaries, and flowers are on the bush at the same time. But the mass harvest usually falls in August. Raspberries can have a different shape, color and size. These characteristics always depend on the plant variety. The calorie content of raspberries is negligible and is about 40 kcal per 100 g. An important part of caring for raspberries is prevention from diseases and pests. In each case, prevention will have its own form. bushes in spring
Spring processing. From diseases. In the spring, as a preventive measure against various diseases, you can spray raspberry bushes with Bordeaux liquid and nitrafen. Moreover, it is necessary to process both plants and the soil near them. Also, such processing should be carried out in the fall, after harvesting. From pests. Raspberries can suffer from a fairly large number of diseases and insect pests. To avoid negative phenomena, you need to properly care for the plants as well. This procedure is carried out in the spring after the buds have blossomed. To do this, use Actellik or Karbofos. Also, such processing is carried out in the fall after harvest. In this case, the bushes need to be cut and prepared for wintering. Bushes in autumn:
blank. For medicinal purposes, fruits, flowers, roots, wood and raspberry leaves are harvested. The fruits must be harvested in dry weather, after the dew has dried. The collected fruits are cleaned from the receptacle, leaves, separating spoiled and overripe. Dried in the sun, spread out in a thin layer on paper. Further dried in dryers or ovens at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C. If, when kneaded in the hand, the fruits do not stain the skin, such fruits are considered to be sufficiently dried. Shelf life - 2 years. Leaves and flowers are harvested in June, dried outdoors in the shade or in a well-ventilated area. Their shelf life is 1 year. The roots are dug up in autumn. They need to be shaken off the ground, spread out and dried in a ventilated area. Then cut into small pieces and put in paper bags. Keep 2 years. Raspberry wood is the shoots of the current year. They need to be cut at the end of summer, divided into pieces of 5-7 cm and dried well, then folded into a paper bag. You can store up to 5 years. Raspberry Rosalyn. Sometimes you can find an unfamiliar variety of raspberries. It has many interesting names: rosaline or rose leaf; earth-raspberry; Tibetan; strawberry; seductive; blackberry; raspberries. Rosalyn is a subshrub native to East Asia. In nature, it is found in mixed forests and on mountain slopes. Under natural conditions, its height reaches 3 m. However, the raspberries that grow in gardens are somewhat more modest in size - no more than 1 m in height. The plant is unusually ornamental, so it is often used more to decorate household plots than as a fruit crop. Tibetan raspberries are also good for hedges, not only pleasing the eyes of happy owners, but also protecting the territory from uninvited guests with fluffy prickly branches. The leaves outwardly have some resemblance to the leaves of a rose, hence the botanical name of the shrub - rose-leaved raspberry. They are bright green with yellowish veins, as if corrugated and collected 5-7 on petioles. In addition, small teeth along the edges give the leaves a special tenderness, charm and beauty. Flowers large enough up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary, white, consist of five petals. The flowering of the shrub begins in July and continues until autumn, and the flowers constantly open next to the ripening berries. Rosalina berries are bright red, sometimes the size of a walnut. Grow upwards. In shape, they resemble strawberries and, since they do not hide in foliage, they are very noticeable from afar. Unusual raspberries also have a resemblance to rose bushes, however, not the most pleasant - these are large sharp thorns. The plant is very prickly, so the work on its planting and processing should be carried out exclusively in tight gloves. Moreover, even dry branches can scratch, which is why it is better to burn them at the stake as soon as possible. Landing. Seductive raspberries are planted on the south side of the garden in the sunniest areas. In areas with hot, dry summers, it tolerates partial shade quite well. It can be placed in separate bushes or rows, placing it in holes or small trenches, respectively, when planting. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a distance of 0-7 m between the bushes, and at least 0 m between rows. Strawberry raspberries can grow on almost any soil, but prefers fertile and fairly loose. Therefore, it is recommended to add 9 bucket of peat and 1 buckets of manure humus to each planting pit. It is also important after planting abundant watering. Reproduction. Rosalin is propagated by root offspring, of which many grow during the season. The presence of abundant root shoots makes it necessary to choose a place for the shrub where raspberries will not interfere with other plants, or limit the growth space in available ways (for example, a dug-in slate fence). To plant in a new place, the basal process only needs to be carefully dug out with a sharp bayonet shovel along with a large clod of earth. Care. Rose-leaved raspberry is unpretentious, however, it needs elementary care. In summer, in dry weather, the shrub should be watered regularly, and in the heat it should be done daily, and preferably at night. In addition, it is recommended to mulch the soil to prevent drying out, especially with single plantings of raspberries. As a mulch, it is better to choose peat chips, compost or humus. Despite the fact that the Tibetan raspberry is moisture-loving, it does not tolerate strong waterlogging and prolonged stagnation of water. It should not be planted in the lowlands, where spring meltwater collects or puddles form for a long time after rain. The root system of strawberry raspberries is located close to the soil surface, so loosening should be done with extreme caution. The same goes for weed removal. It is better to tear them out with your hands, so as not to damage the roots of rosalin, and thereby destroy the plant. Fertilizer. Shrub dressing is usually carried out in the spring, scattering 4-5 tablespoons of universal mineral fertilizer without chlorine under each individual of the "raspberry and strawberry hybrid". Recommendation. Opponents of mineral fertilizers at the beginning of summer need to feed the plant 2-3 times with slurry, for the preparation of which 1 part of manure and 20 parts of rainwater are taken. The harvest is collected as the berries ripen. They are very juicy, have a unique sweet and sour taste, smell of strawberries. They are used fresh, and are also well suited for jams, jams, jelly and compotes. They rarely cause allergies. By winter, the shoots of Tibetan raspberries die off completely. Therefore, after the end of fruiting, the entire aerial part of the shrub is cut off flush with the ground, and the roots are sprinkled. Raspberries need shelter only in especially severe and little snowy winters. But it tolerates moderate frosts well. Black raspberry. Black raspberry, also called blackberry, is a perennial shrub. It belongs to the Rosaceae family. The plant is native to North America. The length of the stems reaches 2-3 m; they are arched and covered with sharp spines. Features of chokeberry raspberries and its differences from red:
Gardeners prefer to grow black raspberries on their plots because of their excellent taste. Black raspberries are much sweeter than regular red raspberries. And some varieties have a honey taste, without sourness. The fact that black raspberries give excellent yields attracts many summer residents. Fragrant berries from a bush can be collected from 2 to 4 or more kilograms, depending on the variety and care of the plant. Elastic berries are not deformed during transportation. In addition, raspberries are not only suitable for fresh consumption, but also easily amenable to any processing: freezing, canning, making jam. The benefits of black raspberries are still being studied, but it is already known that they contain ellagic acid, which not only has the strongest antioxidant activity, but is also an effective means of preventing and combating cancer. Given this, many summer residents do not hesitate to breed black raspberries. What you need to consider before planting black raspberries. Place. A well-lit area is perfect for growing raspberries. It is also important that there are no drafts: the plant does not tolerate cold winds. neighbors and predecessors. The best neighbor of this plant is red raspberry. But with its other "relative", blackberries, black raspberries cannot coexist. Bad predecessors are nightshade: tomato, eggplant, potatoes. It is advisable not to plant raspberries in the same area where these and other crops grew, which suffer from such a fungal disease as verticillium wilt. Distance between bushes and rows. It is important not to plant black raspberry bushes at a close distance from each other, even though they do not give root shoots. Then there will be no thickening of plants, each of them will be evenly blown by the wind and warmed up by the sun. The optimal distance between the bushes is 80 cm; between rows - about 2 m. In this case, the plants are easy to care for, and make sure that its branches do not touch the ground. Soil quality. This is one of the most important factors affecting the yield of raspberries. Fertile loamy soil is "light" and contains sufficient minerals and nutrients. Landing. The depth of the landing pit must be at least half a meter; width - 40-50 cm. Mix wood ash with humus 1: 1 and fill the hole with this composition by 20-25 centimeters. After that, fill the hole with water. And there, carefully, straightening the roots, place a raspberry seedling. Wait until the water is absorbed, and start filling the hole with earth mixed with sand and complex fertilizer. Then water again. Care. Mulch the soil; water on time; tie raspberry branches; learn how to properly prune the bush (summer pruning is carried out to increase productivity. If you shorten the shoot at the point of growth, then young branches, a kind of fan, will grow from this place next year. It is on these branches that young shoots will present a generous harvest. Autumn pruning is sanitary pruning, the bush is preparing for winter, dry and old branches are cut out, long shoots are shortened. ); know about plant diseases and pests, and be able to protect it; carry out feeding; prepare raspberries for winter. Author: Zorina A.
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Common raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The common raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is a popular fruiting shrub that can be grown in the garden or home garden. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing raspberries: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
Raspberries are a source of vitamins, antioxidants and dietary fiber that are beneficial to health. See also article Raspberries. Features of planting and growing
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