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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Plum prickly (thorn prickly, blackthorn). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Prickly plum (thorn prickly, blackthorn), Prunus spinosa. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Prunus. Family: Pink (Rosaceae). Origin: Europe, western and central Asia, North Africa. Area: Prickly plum is widespread in the temperate zone of Europe, Asia and North Africa. Also found in North America and Australia. Chemical composition: The fruits of the plant contain organic acids, sugars, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds and other biologically active substances. Economic value: The fruits are used for the preparation of jams, jams, compotes and other food products. A tea is prepared from the leaves and flowers, which has medicinal properties for digestive disorders and general fatigue. The shrub is also popular in landscaping and as a hedge. In medicine, the bark, leaves and flowers are used to treat various diseases. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Egyptian myths, the prickly plum was associated with the goddess of immortality, who used the fruits of this plant to preserve her youth and beauty. In medieval Europe, the thorn was associated with the concept of "protection", and was used to create hedges and fences. The blackthorn has also been used to treat various ailments such as colds, headaches, and other health problems. Symbolically, the prickly plum is associated with danger, protection and survival. This plant symbolizes strength and vitality, despite its thorns and thorny surface. Also, the prickly thorn is often used as a decorative element in the design of gardens and parks. In some cultures, the prickly plum is associated with magic and witches. In traditional European mythology, the prickly plum was considered a sacred plant that helped protect against evil spirits and magical powers.
Prickly plum (thorn prickly, blackthorn), Prunus spinosa. Description, illustrations of the plant Blackthorn. Myths, traditions, symbolism
Shrub, formerly also called briefly "thorn, thorn, thorn". The symbolism and typology associated with the thorny bush is determined by the following passage from the biblical Second Book of Moses: “And the Angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the midst of a thorn bush. him God from among the bush" (Ex 3:2, 4) and made him the leader of his people. Spiritual fire does not burn out, and St. Mary was able to become a mother and, nevertheless, remain an immaculate virgin. Therefore, on the altar images of the 15th and 16th centuries. Mary is sometimes represented with the baby Jesus in a burning thorn bush. In other cases, thorns of thorns are primarily symbols of the suffering of Jesus Christ in the crown of thorns. Thorns played a certain role in ancient Mexico in cruel self-flagellation; for example, strings studded with spikes (ropes with agave thorns) were pulled through a hole made in the tongue. Ancient European sayings are figurative illustrations of related, suggestive associations: "to fall into a thorn" - to fall into a sinful way of life (Hugo Trimbergsky); "to be a thorn (thorn) in someone's eye", "to be laid on thorns, not on roses" - to have a hard life, etc. Author: Biedermann G.
Blackthorn (prickly plum), Prunus spinosa L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Shrub or small tree up to 2,5 m high, with a spherical crown. The leaves are elongated, glabrous above, pubescent below. Flowers solitary, on short stalks, pinkish-white. The fruit is a spherical or oval juicy one-seeded drupe of black color with a bluish wax coating; the bone does not separate from the pulp. Blooms in April. Tern has been known since ancient times. This is confirmed by archaeological excavations: the bones of the blackthorn were found in the sites of the Neolithic era. The thorn grows wild, often forming impenetrable thickets. The blackthorn is photophilous, drought- and frost-resistant. Propagated by seeds and root suckers. In the Caucasus, it grows together with cherry plum and, crossing, forms a plum hybrid. The fruits ripen in July-August, but they are harvested after frost, when they become sweeter. Blackthorn fruits contain sugars, malic acid, a significant amount of coloring, tannin and pectin substances, which determine their astringent taste, vitamins C and P. According to the content of vitamin P, blackthorn is inferior to wild rose and chokeberry, but surpasses blackcurrant. The flowers contain essential oil, tannins and bitterness. A significant amount of fatty oil, amygdalin glycoside, was found in the bones; in the leaves - vitamin C, in the bark and wood - tannins. The turn is used for medicinal purposes. In folk medicine, a decoction and infusion of flowers is known as a mild laxative, diuretic and diaphoretic; it is recommended for hypertension and furunculosis. Decoctions of fruits, bark and roots are used as a blood-purifying agent that improves metabolism. They have a therapeutic effect in diseases of the kidneys, liver, some skin rashes, etc. Infusions of the bark and roots help with high fever and gastrointestinal disorders. Ripe berries are known as an astringent for gastrointestinal disorders. Young leaves, brewed as a tea, have a diuretic and mild laxative effect; they are used for rinsing with diseases of the teeth and gums. Blackthorn tastes sweet and sour, very tart. Usually its fruits are eaten after freezing. Most of the harvest goes to the production of syrup, juice, kvass, compote, liquor, wine, vinegar, marinade, jam, jam, marshmallow, sweets. Fruits are added to borscht for acidification. Dried fruits and leaves are used as a coffee substitute. A variety of dyes are produced from thorns; from the bark - black paint, from the juice of fruits and roots - yellow, red, brown and gray. Thickets of thorns are used as windbreaks, to strengthen ravines, sandy slopes. They are also suitable for hedges. The turn is known as a honey plant. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Tern (prickly plum). Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
It grows in ravines, along roads, near rivers, on forest edges. Now there are more than 2000 varieties of plums, the ancestor of which is the turn. Prickly shrub, rarely a tree, up to 4 m high, branching, frost-resistant, photophilous. The branches are numerous, horizontal, ending in a sharp thick spike, young pubescent, the bark is brown, dark red. Roots numerous, powerful. The leaves are medium-sized, oblong, pubescent when young, become dark green with age, with a matte sheen, leathery. Blooms in late April - early May. Flowers solitary or in pairs, on short peduncles, five-petalled, white, bloom before leaves, cover all branches, have a faint smell of bitter almonds. Fruits from 2-3 years of age. The fruits are a spherical or oval drupe up to 10-15 cm in diameter, dark blue or black, with a bluish bloom. The flesh is green, sweet and sour, tart. The bones do not separate from the pulp. Fruits ripen in August - September, keep on the tree all winter until spring. Tannin, pectin, nitrogenous, ash, aromatic substances, acids, vitamins C, B1, carotene, cyanide compounds, flavone glycoside were found in the pulp. The seeds contain a poisonous glycoside that cleaves hydrocyanic acid. Tannins, dyes were found in the roots, there is a lot of vitamin C, carotene, phytoncides in the leaves, cyanide compounds, phytoncides, acids, essential oil, tannins, bitter substances are found in the flowers. Good honey plant. For economic purposes, thorn wood is used. It is hard, durable, brown-red in color, well polished. Some turning, carpentry, small crafts, canes, etc. are made from it. Craftsmen make beautiful buttons from the bones. Juice from fruits boiled in alkali is used to dye linen fabrics red. Green, yellow, brown paints for painting are obtained from the roots and fruits. Gardeners use the turn as a dwarf stock for grafting various tree varieties. It is bred as an ornamental plant and to strengthen slopes, coastal slopes, ravines, and create impenetrable hedges. Blackthorn fruits are used in nutrition. They are used fresh, dried, canned. Compote, jam, marmalade, jelly, jelly, jam are cooked from fresh fruits, juice, syrup are prepared, and a coffee surrogate is made from dried fruits. From the seeds, oil is obtained, which is used in the confectionery industry. Blackthorn juice. Peeled fruits stand for 7-10 minutes at a temperature of 60-70 ° C, knead with a wooden pestle, squeeze the juice, pour into jars, bottles and pasteurize: half-liter jars - 20, liter - 30 minutes. Thorn syrup. Sprinkle plum slices with sugar. When it dissolves, drain the juice, pour into sterilized dishes and cork. Store in a cold place. Thorn compote. Cut the plums lengthwise, remove the stones, arrange in jars, pour 65% sugar syrup and pasteurize at a temperature of 85 ° C: half-liter jars - 20, liter - 25, three-liter - 35 minutes. 1 kg plums, 650 g sugar, 350 ml water. Blackthorn jam. Peeled plums boil in water until softened, then add sugar and cook until tender. Cool, put in jars, cover with parchment paper. Store in a cool place, 1 kg plums, 800 g sugar, 200 ml water. Blackthorn jelly. Boil plums and lemon zest in a sealed container in a small amount of water for 30 minutes, then rub through a sieve, add gelatin dissolved in water, sugar, bring to a boil, cool, 200 g plums, 300 ml water, 25 g lemon zest, 20 g gelatin , 200 g sugar. Blackthorn confiture. Grind plums, add water, boil for 15 minutes, then add sugar and cook until tender. Pour the mass into jars, cover with parchment paper. 250 g plums, sugar to taste, 300 ml water. Blackthorn marmalade. Rub the pitted plums through a sieve, evaporate for 20 minutes, mix with sugar syrup and cook until marmalade thickens over low heat. 1 kg plums, 800 g sugar, 200 ml water. Blackthorn jam. Boil ripe pitted plums over low heat in water until thickened, then add sugar in small portions and cook until the consistency of jam. 500 g plums, 600 ml water, sugar to taste. Blackthorn jam without sugar. Boil ripe or overripe pitted plums in water until jam thickens, arrange in jars. Store in a cold place. 1 kg plum, 500 ml water. Blackthorn jam. Prepare two sugar syrups: weak and strong. Pour pitted plums with weak sugar syrup (800 g of sugar, 500 ml of water) and leave for 4 hours. Then heat up to a temperature of 90 ° C and keep in a cool place for 10 hours, add concentrated syrup (500 g of sugar, 150 ml of water) and cook until tender. 1 kg plums, 1,3 kg sugar, 650 ml water.
In folk medicine, fruits, leaves, flowers, roots, thorn bark are used. The fruits have an astringent, antiseptic, diuretic, fixing effect, increase appetite. The flowers are used as a diuretic, laxative, diaphoretic, stopping vomiting, nausea, improving metabolism, calming the nervous system. The leaves are young, brewed like tea, a good diuretic, laxative, wound healing agent. The bark and roots have an antipyretic effect. Infusion of thorn flowers. 40 g of flowers or leaves insist in 200 ml of chilled boiled water for 10 hours, strain. Drink 50 ml 4 times day before meals as a mild laxative for constipation, diseases of the kidneys, bladder, liver, metabolic disorders, colds. An infusion of thorn leaves. Young leaves, collected immediately after flowering, brew with boiling water, like tea. Drink 150-200 ml 3 times a day as a diuretic for edema, kidney disease. Use plum fruits fresh, dried, in the form of infusions, jelly with poor appetite, atherosclerosis, gout. Leaves fresh and dried, steamed in boiling water, applied to wounds and ulcers that do not heal for a long time. Contraindications have not been established. Blackthorn fruits are harvested as they ripen, it is better after the first frost, when astringency disappears in them. Dry in dryers, ovens, in the sun. Flowers are plucked during flowering, young shoots - in May, June. Dry in the air, in the shade, in the wind, in a well-ventilated area. The bark is removed from the tree in the spring before flowering, the roots are dug up in the fall. Dry the bark and roots in dryers, ovens, after drying in the air. Shelf life of fruits, leaves, flowers - 1 year, bark, roots - more than 3 years. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A. Turn. Basic information about the plant, use in medicine and cooking
Thickets of thorns, like outposts of forests, are found everywhere in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine. Together with wild rose and hawthorn, the blackthorn forms impenetrable thickets. Thorn wood is practically unsuitable for farming. In the treeless steppe, the blackthorn is considered a valuable wild fruit plant. Its fruits are used for the manufacture of liqueurs, tinctures, compotes, kissels, and are added in the manufacture of home-made mash. Use the fruits fresh, dried. And today, dry fruits of blackthorn are a common product in the bazaars of the steppe regions of Ukraine and the Don. The fruits are drupes, dark blackish with a bluish bloom, sweet and sour, tart. After lying down or freezing, the taste improves. Blackthorn fruits contain sugars, organic acids, tannins and aromatic substances. Residents of the steppe regions make a delicious liqueur from blackthorn, which is distinguished by its delicate taste and aroma. The fruits are poured into bottles, flavored with sugar and put in a warm place for fermentation. Then the liqueur is decanted into bottles, tightly corked and after 3-4 months it is ready for use. They drink liquor with indigestion and poor digestion, for appetite. Blackthorn jam and jam have a specific smell and wonderful taste. The turn is dried in the same way as cherries. Canned blackthorn compotes have therapeutic and dietary features. From the seeds (pits) of the blackthorn, you can get an oil with a strong almond odor, which is widely used in the confectionery and perfume industries. A decoction of the roots in folk medicine is used to rinse the mouth with a toothache. A cold infusion of blackthorn flowers (two tablespoons of dried flowers in a glass of water) helps with gastric diseases, metabolic disorders, gently acting on the peristalsis of the small intestines and kidney activity, helps cleanse the body, and helps in the treatment of various skin diseases. In Bulgarian folk medicine, a decoction of the leaves is used for diseases of the kidneys and bladder, skin rashes. The decoction is drunk instead of tea. Author: Reva M.L.
Prickly plum (thorn, blackthorn), Prunus spinosa. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
A small thorny shrub 3,5-4,5 m high, rarely a stunted tree no higher than 8 m. Growing and expanding with the help of root offspring, the blackthorn forms dense thorny and impenetrable thickets in natural biotopes. The branches are abundantly covered with thorns. Leaves elliptic or obovate, toothed, up to 5 cm long. The flowers are small, white, open singly or in pairs in early spring, when there are no leaves yet. The fruits are round, plum-like, with a bluish wax coating, up to 12-15 mm in diameter, tart-sour in taste, ripen late. The turn grows throughout Europe, the Mediterranean and the Caucasus. Grows along roadsides, slopes and forest edges. The turn has high winter hardiness, it is unpretentious to the soil, resistant to droughts. Blackthorn fruits contain fructose and glucose, fiber and organic acids, steroids and pectin, nitrogen-containing compounds. There are vitamins B, E and C in the fruits of the blackthorn. Also, the blackthorn berries are rich in carotene and coumarins, tannins and flavonoids, catechins and fatty oil. Blackthorn leaves are rich in vitamins C and E, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The roots of the plant contain tannins and dyes. The calorie content of blackthorn fruits is 44 kilocalories per 100 grams. According to the content of vitamin P, the fruits of wild blackthorn are not inferior to rose hips and aronia chokeberry and are superior to currants. Ripe fruits contain vitamins P, C, sugars, malic acid, pectin, tannins, dyes and other substances. Turn is a low-value food plant, because. its fruits are almost tasteless when fresh. Nevertheless, preparations for the winter are made from its fruits: jam and marmalade, jam and jelly, marmalade and compote. Juice is also squeezed from the fruits and used for the wine industry. In Bulgarian cuisine, porridge is cooked from blackthorn. Honey plant, gives the bees mainly pollen (pollen) and some nectar. The wood of the blackthorn is very strong and hard, brown-reddish in color. The wood lends itself well to polishing. Blackthorn wood is used in the production of small carpentry and turning products, canes. Blackthorn is also used as an ornamental hedge. Blackthorn bushes are specially planted on slopes, in ravines, along the banks of rivers and canals to strengthen them. It serves as an excellent rootstock for shrubby forms of peach, apricot and plums.
Blackthorn. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking
There are many goodies in the generous August forest. And he gives mushrooms, and berries; only know how to search, just be thrifty. Here, in the loaded, spicy foliage of the blackthorn, a gift is also in store - dark purple plums with a reddish tinge. Pick juicy, liquid fruits, in each of them there is sourness, sweetness, and chill. Just watch out for the thorns, the turn can stand up for itself. Each of its fanged branches, prickly, and look, it will stick into the outstretched hand. Blackthorn because of the thorns is called prickly plum in scientific use. Turn, thorns - thorns, that means. This shrub grows in a mixed forest, along the edges, ravines and along the banks of rivers. It is especially abundant in the steppe and forest-steppe. It is here that you can find impenetrable thickets of wild plums. Anyone who happened to be in the Carpathians and the Caucasus, he probably noticed that the blackthorn there rises high into the mountains, picking up some special astringency and even bitterness on the meager soil. With an abundance of garden plums, southerners almost do not take thorns, leaving its harvest at the disposal of quadrupeds and birds. But whoever has ever tasted prickly plum jam, he does not disdain the offering of a harsh shrub, will not leave this modest gift of nature in disdain. Even when there are many other fruits. Blackthorn fruits are rich in glucose and fructose, they also contain free organic acids, pectin and tannins, which give the product viscosity and astringency. There is also vitamin C in wild plums. Up to 37 percent of fat accumulates in the kernels of the seeds, from which bitter almond oil can be made. Thorny kernels are inedible, as they are inedible in cherry plum, apricots and plums: they contain the poisonous glycoside amygdalin. The bones of the blackthorn are poorly separated from the pulp, the surface of their valves is pitted. Fruit shape varies from oval to spherical. The tree bears fruit every year. The sloes are harvested for eating after frosts, when the content of tannins decreases and the fruits become tastier. The keeping quality of fruits is excellent, they are stored fresh for up to three weeks. From the turn, in addition to jam, they prepare juice, marmalade, jam, as well as liqueurs and compotes. In industrial production, prickly plums are in honor of winemakers: the fruits are processed into fruit wine, vinegar, and blackthorn tincture is also prepared from them. In folk medical practice, decoctions of fruits and flowers of blackthorn are used as a blood purifier. They also drink this decoction for coughing, with hoarseness and to improve digestion. An aqueous infusion on flowers is considered a mild laxative and is prescribed even for children (two teaspoons of dried flowers are taken for a glass of water, insisted for 8 hours). The flowers of the prickly shrub are harvested in May, before the leaves appear. Dry the flowers in the shade, laying out on paper in a thin layer. Biochemists have found in them essential oils, tanning agents and bitterness. The fruits of the blackthorn have a completely different effect: they do not weaken, but fix the upset intestines. Even ancient healers used condensed blackthorn juice to stop dysentery. The liquid extract from the fruit has the same effect. It should be taken in a tablespoon three times a day. Young blackthorn leaves are also healing - their infusion is used as a diuretic. This infusion helps to improve the metabolism in the body. The healing power of the roots and bark of thorns has long been known among the people. Decoctions of the roots have a diaphoretic effect, and decoctions of the bark are antipyretic: they help a person with diseases accompanied by high fever. Prepared on the bark and lotions for erysipelas. The leaves of thorns are also not useful. They are mixed into tea leaves - they give the drink a pleasant aroma and a peculiar aftertaste. Domestic blackthorns have good drought and frost resistance, besides they are salt-tolerant, and these properties have long attracted breeders. By crossing wild thorns with garden plums, interesting hybrids, the so-called thorns, were bred. In amateur gardens, breeding varieties of thorns are still popular: Dessert Turn, Sweet Turn and Thorn Turnklod. Their large, long-term fruits are excellent in taste, and also nutritious, healing. Dark purple plums with a bluish bloom literally stick around flexible branches, annually giving decent harvests. The flesh of the thorny plum is green, easily separated from the stone. The fruits are thorny, like the fruits of the sloe, they are good for jam, marmalade, marinades, jelly, and even suitable for pickling. Pickled sloes can compete with olives. Whoever saves and dries wild or cultivated sloes will enrich the compote mixture with an original product. A surrogate coffee is prepared from wild blackthorn seeds; after frying, the kernels of the stones become harmless.
The turn can be considered as a promising fruit shrub. By the way, he is already recognized as such in the Volga region. But many gardeners still neglect them. But the blackthorn does not even need garden land, it is enough to plant it around the garden, next to the hawthorn, shadberry, acacia and spirea, which form a hedge impenetrable for livestock and hares. In this place, the turn will turn out to be not only a green watchman, but also a faithful keeper of the soil, protecting it from being washed away by hollow and rain waters. The wild plum is propagated by seeds and root offspring. After spending four years in school, the shrub quickly begins to stretch, developing a powerful root system. Plant it along the sunny side of the garden, as the plant is photophilous. An adult shrub reaches a three-meter height. Sometimes it is already a small tree with a tented crown. Shoots are thin, yellowish, and even red-brown. Their skin is dotted with light dots on top. Shortened branches end in a strong thorn. The leaves of the sloe, like those of cherries, are leathery, oblong, along the edge they are notched. Leaf color is dark green. Blackthorn flowers bloom before the leaves, and I happen to have them so that the crown becomes completely white. Fragrantly wafts from the side of thorn thickets. And bees love to pilgrimage in these flowers, collecting honey bribes! It turns out that the blackthorn is not only beautiful, but also useful in the spring. Several types of plums are known in the wild. Their fruits are edible, can be eaten both fresh and after processing. Some plums contain dyes and tannins. The splayed plum is very interesting - a close relative of the forest thorn, it grows in the Caucasus. This is no longer a shrub, but a tall, multi-stemmed tree with thorny, thin branches. Found in walnut undergrowth, on rocky slopes, in gorges and valleys. Its local name is cherry plum. Bears and wild boars love to feast on the fruits of the splayed plum. Many of them end up in the hands of manufacturers. The local population skillfully prepares cherry plum lavash, which is a plate of dried fruit pulp. Cherry plum lavash is a tasty, healing (anti-scorbutic) food, it is eaten both separately and as seasonings for main courses. The abundance of citric acid makes this product especially valuable. In the Tien Shan, on the mountain slopes of the Chatkal Range, Fergana plum grows. By itself, it is low and, moreover, without thorns on the branches. The bark of its young shoots is gray, and the more mature ones are brown. The flowers of the Fergana blackthorn bloom simultaneously with the leaves, the fruits are round, pinkish. Inside each slivina is a large, easily separated bone. Some scientists believe that this plum originated in nature from crossing other forms of wild thorns. Bush thorn or tree? There is no consensus among botanists on this question. It is believed that it can be both a shrub and a tree, depending on environmental conditions. The turn grows quite quickly: at the age of seven, it already blooms and bears fruit, and at the age of nine it becomes taller than human growth and the thickness of the trunk at the root collar in the hand. But why is self-seeding rarely found in forest thickets? It drowns out the forest canopy, because the turn does not put up with a lack of light. Only surrounded by euonymus, hazel and buckthorn thorn "feels" good. In the meadow, he gets along excellently with willows. There are also pure thickets of thorns. There are many of them along the flat rivers: Tsna, Sura, Seim, Khopra, Vorskla and the Northern Donets. The old-timers of the Frolovsky district (Volgograd region) still remember the huge thickets of this fruit bush on the site of the present Ternovka farm. And the plums poured large, sweet; ripened in August. In the Burluk Valley, there are still abundant thickets of dereznik - this is also called the turn. There is especially a lot of it in abandoned gardens, where it once came from wild thickets. Blackthorn, crossed with cherry plum, in ancient times gave people homemade plums. For more than two thousand years, it has taken pride of place in the gardens. And there are places, for example the Far East, where plum is the main fruit crop. The so-called blackthorns are similar to homemade plums. Now resistant varieties of blackthorns are in use - the Blue Dove, Kozlovsky and Renklod blue. Successfully crossed sand cherries and blackthorns. So the thorny shrub with small tart fruits is interesting in many respects, and above all from the side of its genetic value. And he has, apparently, a high one, which puts forward an urgent need for the protection of wild-growing blackthorn. He will still serve the people. Author: Strizhev A.N.
Prickly plum (thorn prickly, blackthorn), Prunus spinosa. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Prickly plum (thorn prickly, blackthorn), Prunus spinosa. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The prickly plum, also known as blackthorn or blackthorn, is a shrub or small tree native to Europe and Asia. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing prickly plum: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
Before using the plant for medical purposes, you should consult your doctor.
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