How many independent states (besides the UK) is the Queen of England? Detailed answer

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How many independent states (besides the UK) is the Queen of England? Detailed answer

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How many independent states (besides the UK) is the Queen of England?

Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Jamaica - in constitutions of all these 15 independent states, it is recorded that the head of state is the Queen of England, represented by a governor-general.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why are the colors of the rainbow arranged in this order?

We call ordinary sunlight white because it appears to us as such. However, it actually has different colors. When sunlight hits the beveled end of a mirror, the edge of a glass prism, or the surface of a soap bubble, we manage to see a whole range of colors in it. What happens in each of these cases is that the white rays break up, according to their wavelengths, into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet colors.

As a result, a strip appears before our eyes, consisting of parallel lines of different colors, and at their borders one color smoothly turns into another. Such a strip is called a spectrum. The red line is always at one end of the spectrum, and the violet line is at the other. This is determined by the difference in the wavelengths of rays of different colors: it increases from purple to red.

The rainbow, in fact, is such a spectrum, spread out in an arc across the sky. The sun's rays, penetrating into drops of water, are refracted, that is, they break up into their component parts, as happens when they pass through a glass prism. Already inside the drop itself, we see lines of different colors stretching from one of its edges to the other. Some of the colored rays are reflected from the rear wall of the drop and exit it. These rays are reflected at different angles depending on the color, more precisely, as we already know, the wavelength.

Therefore, when you look at a rainbow, you see that it is always red at the top and purple at the bottom. Rainbows can only be seen when it rains and the sun shines at the same time, as often happens during summer showers. To see it, you should be between the rain and the sun shining from behind you. Moreover, the sun, your eye and the central point of the multi-colored arc should be located on the same straight line.

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The size and shape of the human nose determined by the climate 18.03.2017

Researchers from the Pennsylvania State University conducted a study of the size and shape of the noses of people in different parts of the world. It turned out that one of the determining factors was local climatic conditions.

The nose is an important organ, it purifies the air we breathe in, warms it up and moisturizes it before it enters the lungs, which helps prevent infections. Not to mention that it is one of the most expressive elements of the human face. Previous studies have already shown that those whose ancestors lived in a humid and warm climate are more likely to have wider nostrils, compared with the streams of those who lived in dry and cool areas - it remained unclear, this coincidence and there is a causal relationship. .

In this work, scientists examined the size and shape of the noses of people descended from the inhabitants of West Africa, South Asia and Northern Europe and came to the conclusion that the existing distribution cannot be explained by mere chance. In addition, wide nostrils are statistically related to ancestors that developed in warmer areas with higher absolute humidity, which climate played a role in their formation. However, the evolutionary history of the nose is quite complex, and there must have been other influences, such as cultural influences such as mate choice.

This line of research also has a practical side. Many diseases or congenital problems, such as milk intolerance or skin cancer, are more common in certain populations than others. Perhaps research on the nose will help to find out if the shape of the nose and the size of the nasal cavity affect the chances of contracting a respiratory disease if the owner of the nose lives outside his "historical climate".

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