Influenza and acute respiratory viral diseases (ARI). Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Influenza and acute respiratory viral diseases (ARI). Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Cause ARI There are two types of pathogens: viruses and bacteria. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are a group of diseases caused by viruses. It is especially common in young children. When viruses enter the nasal mucosa, rhinitis develops, with inflammation of the pharynx - pharyngitis, larynx - laryngitis. If bronchi are involved in the inflammatory process - bronchitis, alveoli - pneumonia (pneumonia). Often in children, SARS is complicated by inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media). With inflammation of the nasopharynx, pharynx and larynx, they speak of damage to the upper respiratory tract, and with damage to the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs, a disease of the lower respiratory tract.

Accession to ARVI of a bacterial infection is accompanied by a repeated increase in temperature, signs of intoxication (poisoning of the body) appear: anxiety, pallor, general weakness, sweating. Children refuse to eat and drink, become indifferent to the environment or, conversely, excited.

Influenza has many varieties of pathogens: A, B and C, parainfluenza, adenovirus, respiratory, rhinovirus, enterovirus infections. But the sensitivity of children to individual pathogens is different. At an early age, it is determined by passive immunity, which the mother passes on to the child during pregnancy (through the placenta), as well as with breast milk. At an older age, it is determined by the child's own immunity.

Viruses are transmitted by airborne droplets: during coughing and sneezing.

Flu symptoms

The first sign of influenza is an increase in body temperature to 39-40 ° C, and it can stay high for several days.

Strong headache.

Sore throat, nasal congestion, hoarseness, general malaise.

Lachrymation.

Muscle pain.

Frequent dry and painful cough that becomes loose after 2-3 days.

In babies under one year old, there is a strong restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbance, vomiting, refusal of the breast, and frequent dry coughing. Often the tummy is swollen, frequent, loose stools with mucus impurities appear. At night, the child breathes through a half-open mouth, sniffs through the nose.

SARS symptoms

Nasal congestion and mucous discharge from it.

Dry or wet cough.

Increase in body temperature up to 38-39°C.

Redness and friability of the tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall.

Minor sore throat.

Headache.

Lethargy, drowsiness, weakness, poor appetite.

Symptoms of acute otitis media

In infants - severe anxiety, complete refusal to eat (when swallowing, the pain in the ear increases sharply).

Pain in the ear, especially when pressing on the middle of the ear (tragus).

Symptoms of bronchitis

The baby has rapid, labored breathing, sometimes grunting.

Symptoms of streptococcal and viral throat infections

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Mucus in the throat and a red pharynx with or without plaque (a throat swab is taken to determine this infection).

When emergency care is needed

If the temperature is above 39 ° C and it cannot be brought down with the help of medicines.

If the child has a dry "barking" cough with difficulty breathing and wheezing.

If the baby is very anxious and refuses to breastfeed within a few hours.

If the child has acute ear pain and fever.

When to call a doctor from the clinic

When the child has symptoms of the flu or SARS.

When the temperature rose.

Help before the doctor arrives

1. From the first hours of ARVI, interferon preparations are very effective, which suppress the reproduction of viruses and prevent the spread of inflammation.

2. Plentiful drinking is recommended, a decoction of wild rose, lime blossom, St. John's wort helps well.

3. At high temperature (38,5°C and above), it must be reduced in the following ways:

give the baby antipyretic drugs: paracetamol or analgin in age doses. Put the tablet in 1 tbsp. Spoon, grind with another spoon, add a little sugar and water. Have your child drink this mixture with warm water. For infants and young children, it is better to use rectal suppositories. The temperature does not need to be reduced to 38 ° C, as it has a detrimental effect on viruses. Exceptions are children who develop a convulsive syndrome;
The child should be dressed in light cotton clothing. Give the child air baths, wipe the baby with a diaper soaked in water at room temperature, put a damp cloth on the head;
if the temperature continues to rise, you can do a wet wrapping of the entire body of the baby in a large diaper;
if the child has cold hands and feet, put a heating pad on them, put on woolen socks and mittens, that is, try to warm them. To relieve spasm, give the child no-shpu (1/4 tablet up to 3 years, 1/3 tablet - up to 5 years, 1/2 tablet - up to 7 years, after 7 years - a whole tablet;
wipe the child with water at room temperature (you can half with vinegar or vodka) and cover with a thin sheet. Do this several times until the temperature drops. The rubdown can be started after you have given the pill, which only starts working after 40 minutes;
at a high temperature, an enema with water at room temperature is effective.

4. If an infant is sick, change his body position more often - this contributes to the effective drainage of the lungs.

5. After a course of antibiotics (prescribed by a doctor), it is necessary to give biological preparations to restore the natural intestinal flora: bifidumbacterin or primadofilus.

6. If a nursing baby has a runny nose, clear the mucus from his nose and drip breast milk. For older children, use vasoconstrictor drops (children's naphthyzinum - 0,6 percent). To drip drops into the nose of an infant, it must be laid on its side in the direction in which half of the nose you will drip, then change position. Bury 1-2 drops in each nostril.

Traditional medicine for ARVI

Put pieces of cotton wool moistened with onion juice into the nose 3-4 times a day for 10-15 minutes.

Freshly squeezed carrot juice and vegetable oil in a 1:1 ratio are mixed with a few drops of garlic juice and instilled into the nose several times a day.

Grate the garlic on a fine grater or crush it well and mix with honey, preferably lime, in a ratio of 1: 1. Give the child at bedtime 1 teaspoon (up to 5 years) or 1 tbsp. spoon (after 5 years). At high temperatures, garlic should not be used, as it can increase the heartbeat!

Mince 3 cloves of garlic or mash it thoroughly and mix with a glass of freshly squeezed carrot juice. Leave to infuse for 4-6 hours. Have your child drink this mixture throughout the day in 3 doses.

Pour 50 ml of warm water 3 tbsp. spoons of finely chopped onion, add 1/2 teaspoon of honey, leave for 30 minutes and instill in the nose.

Make a 30% solution of honey in the juice of raw red beets and instill 5-6 drops in each nostril 4-5 times a day.

Grate the onion and put the resulting mass on cheesecloth, folded in half. Apply a compress to the lower part of the nose, after lubricating it with sunflower oil. Keep 4-10 minutes. Follow the procedure 3 times a day. This will help stop the development of the disease.

Mix 1 tbsp. a spoonful of wild rosemary with 1/2 cup of sunflower oil and boil the mixture in a water bath for 30 minutes, then cool and strain. Bury 2-3 drops 3-4 times a day.

Do inhalations: a handful of chamomile flowers, crushed peppermint and sage leaves, pour 1/4 liter of boiling water and let it brew, then add hot water, bringing the volume of liquid to 1 liter. Place the child so that he can breathe the steam over the bowl, cover his head with a large terry towel and make sure that he inhales the steam alternately through his nose and mouth. The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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