Help with burns

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
Free library / Directory / Fundamentals of First Aid

Help with burns

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Burns - tissue damage caused by high temperature, electric current, acids, alkalis or ionizing radiation. Accordingly, thermal, electrical, chemical and radiation burns are distinguished. Thermal burns are the most common, accounting for 90-95% of all burns.

The severity of burns is determined by the area and depth of tissue damage. Depending on the depth of the lesion, four degrees of burns are distinguished. Superficial burns, under favorable conditions, heal on their own. Deep burns affect, in addition to the skin, deep-lying tissues, so skin grafting is required for such burns. Most affected usually have a combination of burns of varying degrees.

Inhalation of flames, hot air and steam can cause burns to the upper respiratory tract and swelling of the larynx with the development of respiratory disorders. The general condition of the victim also depends on the extent of the burn surface, if the burn area exceeds 10 ... 15% (in children more than 10%) of the body surface, the victim develops the so-called burn disease, the first period of which is burn shock.

First aid is to stop the effect of the damaging factor. In case of a flame burn, extinguish burning clothing, remove the victim from the fire zone, in case of burns with hot liquids or molten metol, quickly remove clothing from the burn area. The parts of clothing that have stuck to the body are not torn off, but cut off around and left in place. You can not cut and tear the formed bubbles, touch the burn with your hands. In case of burns of individual parts of the body, the skin around the burn is wiped with alcohol, cologne, water, and a dry sterile bandage is applied to the burnt surface.

To stop the effect of the temperature factor, it is necessary to quickly cool the affected area of the body by immersion in cold water, under a stream of cold water or irrigation with chloroethyl.

Chemical burns of the skin occur as a result of contact with the skin of acids (acetic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, etc.), alkalis (caustic sodium, ammonia, quicklime). The depth of the burn depends on the concentration of the chemical agent, temperature and duration of exposure. If first aid is not provided in a timely manner, chemical burns can significantly deepen in 20 ... 30 minutes. Clothing soaked in acid or alkali also contributes to the deepening and spread of burns.

When concentrated acids come into contact with the skin, a dry dark brown or black scab with clearly defined edges quickly appears on the skin and mucous membranes, and when concentrated alkalis come into contact with a wet grayish-dirty scab without a clear outline. In this case, it is necessary to quickly remove the pieces of clothing impregnated with a chemical agent. It is necessary to reduce the concentration of chemicals on the skin. To do this, the skin is abundantly washed with running water for 20-30 minutes. For acid burns, after washing with water, you can use alkaline solutions (2 ... 3% solution of baking soda - sodium bicarbonate, soapy water) or apply a sterile napkin moistened with a weak alkaline solution.

It is not recommended to use water for burns with sulfuric acid, because. in this case, heat is generated, which can aggravate the burn. In case of burns with alkali, also after washing with water, weak solutions of acids (1 ... 2% solution of acetic or citric acid) can be used to treat the burn surface. It is advisable to give painkillers and be sure to send the victim to the burn unit.

If clothes are impregnated with a chemically active substance, one should strive to quickly remove it; any manipulations on burn wounds are absolutely contraindicated. For the purpose of anesthesia, the victim is given analgin (pentalgin, tempalgin, sedalgin). For major poisoning. the victim takes 2 ... 3 tablets of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and 1 tablet of diphenhydramine. Before the doctor arrives, they are allowed to drink hot tea and coffee, alkaline mineral water (500 ... 2000 ml) or the following solutions: solution - sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) 1/2 teaspoon, sodium chloride (table salt) 1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water ; solution - tea, for 1 liter of which add 1 teaspoon of table salt 2/3 teaspoon of bicarbonate or sodium nitrate.

Authors: Afanasiev Yu.G., Ovcharenko A.G., Trutneva L.I.

We recommend interesting articles Section Fundamentals of First Aid:

▪ Injuries at home, causes of injuries

▪ Mental illness

▪ Wounds

See other articles Section Fundamentals of First Aid.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Gold floats in liquid air 02.01.2006

A group of physicists from the University of Nottingham (England) discovered a new physical effect: substances immersed in a vessel with liquid oxygen placed in a strong magnetic field float up in liquids, whatever their density. The heaviest metal will also float - osmium, which sinks even in mercury.

The buoyancy force depends on the density of the material and its magnetic properties, so objects are located at different levels in a tube with liquid gas.

The effect can be used in industry, for example, for separating diamonds and other minerals from the host rock, for sorting parts from materials of different densities. But in practice, liquid oxygen is better replaced by liquid air, which is cheaper and less flammable.

Other interesting news:

▪ Miniature Reflective Optical Sensor TCND3000

▪ Mini computer Zotac ZBox Nano D518

▪ Slide headphones never get tangled

▪ Neurocomputer interface implanted in human

▪ Concrete will become stronger

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Microphones, radio microphones. Article selection

▪ article Canopies from the sun. Tips for the home master

▪ article Which basketball player, unwittingly, predicted the year of his death? Detailed answer

▪ Article Extinguishing forest fires. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Homemade wind power plant. Pantograph. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Chameleon flower. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews