Injuries at home, causes of injuries

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FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Injuries at home, causes of injuries

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Directory / Fundamentals of First Aid

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Types of injuries received at home:

1) cut (knife, razor, glass);

2) chopped (needle, fork);

3) electrical injuries (electrical appliances, electrical network);

4) burns (thermal, chemical);

5) poisoning (chemical, medicinal, alcoholic, narcotic, as well as gas, food);

6) fractures and bruises.

Injury is the direct result of trauma. In bruised tissues, hemorrhage occurs without skin damage. At the site of injury, an accumulation of blood in the tissues is formed - a hematoma (bruise).

Recommended:

1) if internal bleeding is suspected, call an ambulance;

2) put cold (ice) on the site of injury. Do not apply ice in open form;

3) to provide rest to the bruised place, and in case of bruises of the limbs, give them an elevated position in order to reduce the flow of blood. Do not raise your legs if you suspect a spinal injury;

4) observe the victim: if the hematoma (bruise) grows, accompanied by numbness, then there is a suspicion of a bone fracture and an ambulance should be called.

For all closed skull injuries the victim must be provided with complete rest, bed rest. You can put something cold on your head. As soon as possible, the victim should be taken to the hospital.

RџSЂRё spinal injuries it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance, provide the victim with complete rest, exclude any movement of the victim if he is in a safe place. You can not leave the victim alone, give him drink, plant and change his position.

Injuries of the hand, forearm. Applying a support bandage

Musculoskeletal injuries are very common. They occur under various circumstances: a fall, an awkward or unexpected movement, or a car accident.

Fracture - violation of the integrity of the bone. It can be complete or incomplete, closed or open. The open is characterized by the presence of a wound. With a closed fracture, which is more common, the skin remains intact.

Dislocation - displacement of the bone in relation to its normal position in the joint. The high force that causes the dislocation can also cause bone fracture and damage to nearby nerves and blood vessels. It is usually easy to identify by visible deformity of the joint.

Sprain and rupture of ligaments occur when excessive stress is placed on the joint. Severe forms of sprains cause severe pain with the slightest movement of the joint. The most common are sprains in the ankle, knee, fingers, and wrist.

Stretching muscles and tendons usually caused by heavy lifting, excessive muscular work, sudden or awkward movement. If such injuries are not treated properly, then muscle strain can become chronic, especially in the neck, lower back and hips.

In case of injuries of the hand and forearm, it is recommended:

1) peace;

2) ensuring immobility;

3) cold;

4) elevated position of the damaged part of the body.

Rules for applying a support bandage:

1) superimposed without changing the position of the damaged part;

2) must ensure the immobility of the injured part of the body;

3) before and after applying the bandage, check the fingers, they should be warm and have a pink color near the nails;

4) in case of complaints of numbness, loosen the bandage.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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