Labor protection instruction for tunneller

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Labor protection instruction for tunneller

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Personnel not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a medical commission, special technical training, and have passed a safety knowledge test in the commission of the enterprise may be allowed to work as a sinker. Admission to independent work is issued in writing in the briefing log at the workplace. Before being allowed to work, the drifter must undergo introductory and on-the-job briefings. Refresher training must take place at least once every 3 months.

Re-testing knowledge of safety rules is carried out once every 1 months.

1.2. The passer must comply with:

rules of internal labor regulations;
fire protection regulations.

1.3. Know how to provide first aid for injuries.

1.4. Do not stand under a lifted load.

1.5. Do not go beyond the hazardous area fences.

1.6. All electrical equipment used in underground workings, in the presence of explosive conditions, must be explosive.

1.7. The working parts of pneumatic tools (hammers, drills) must meet the following requirements:

the impact end of the tool must not be damaged;
the tail, as a result of spontaneous falling out, must correspond to the size of the sleeve;
the side edges of the tool should not have sharp edges.

1.8. It is forbidden to work with a defective tool.

1.9. All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets.

1.10. At each construction site, it is necessary to allocate a room or place for placing a first aid kit with medicines, a stretcher, fixing splints and other means for providing first aid to the victims.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on the appropriate overalls, shoes and a protective helmet.

2.2. Check and make sure that the tool is in full working order, that the nozzle of the hammer, sledgehammer, ax, shovel is correctly set, whether the metal is not split along the edges of the hammer, sledgehammer. Crowbars should be straight with drawn and pointed ends.

2.3. Check the serviceability of the ladders so that they are equipped with several supports. The design of the ladders must comply with the requirements of GOST 268.8-7-86.

Ladders or brackets used to descend workers to workplaces located at a height or depth of more than 5 m must be equipped with devices for securing a safety belt.

Portable ladders before operation must be tested with a static load of 120 kgf applied to one of the steps in the middle of the flight of stairs. During operation, wooden stairs must be tested once every 6 months, metal - once every 1 months.

2.4. The admission of production personnel to work in wells, chambers, channels is allowed only after briefing and the issuance of a work permit.

2.5. Check removable load-handling devices and containers that have not passed the technical examination are not allowed to work, they are also not allowed if there are no tags (brands) on the devices, unmarked containers are not allowed.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The worker performs only the work assigned by the work manager.

3.2. When performing work on driving pits, developing soils, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technological map.

3.3. The sequence of soil excavation under the edge of the sinker's knife should ensure its stability; it is not allowed to develop the soil below 1 m from the edge of the well's knife. When developing moving soils with drainage or in the presence of a layer of such soils above the well knife, measures should be taken to ensure the rapid evacuation of people in case of sudden heating of the soil and flooding of the well.

3.4. The walls of the fall well from the inside must be equipped with at least two securely fixed hinged ladders.

3.5. The immersion of the fall well should be carried out under the direct supervision of the foreman or foreman.

3.6. The supply of working and emergency electric lighting of mines, adits, tunnels should be carried out from different sources.

3.7. When driving mines and tunnels, ventilation with local exhaust from areas of welding and other work associated with the release of harmful substances should be provided.

3.8. When sinking shafts, the workers in the face must be protected by a safety floor from falling objects from above.

3.9. When driving tunnels with shields: the mounted shield, its mechanisms and devices may be put into operation only after they have been accepted according to the act:

soil should be developed only within the shield peaks;
it is not allowed to move the shield at a distance exceeding the width of the trim ring; in unstable, weak soils of the face, shields with horizontal platforms should be used, as a rule, the number of which should be provided based on the conditions for ensuring the stability of the soil slope on the platforms;
it is allowed to move the shield only in the presence and under the guidance of a shift foreman, while people are not allowed to stay at the face, with the exception of observers.

3.10. Movement, installation and operation of machines in the vicinity of excavations (pits, trenches, ditches) with unreinforced slopes is allowed only outside the prism of soil collapse at a distance established by the project for the production of works.

In the absence of instructions in the project for the production of work, the horizontal distance from the base of the slope of the excavation to the nearest supports is permissible, the machines should be taken according to a special table.

3.11. If explosive materials are found, earthworks in these areas should be immediately stopped until permission is obtained from the relevant authorities.

3.12. It is forbidden to lift prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that do not have mounting loops or marks that ensure their correct slinging and installation.

3.13. When developing frozen soils, it should be remembered that variable temperatures and thaws can break their strength. Therefore, in winter conditions, it is necessary to make the same slopes as in the development of soils in the warm season.

3.14. In the case of using the method of artificial freezing of the walls during the development of the soil, it is necessary to constantly monitor the edges as the gradual deepening. When cracks appear parallel to the edge, it is necessary to make an artificial collapse of the soil or put a mount.

3.15. The depth of pits, trenches developed without slopes (with vertical walls) should not exceed 2 m in especially dense soils, 1,5 m in clay soils, 1,25 m in sandy loam soils, and 1 m in bulk soils.

3.16. Shield inventory fastenings are used for fastening trenches up to 2 m wide and up to 4 m deep. Fastenings can be built up from below, which allows them to be used for digging trenches of various depths.

3.17. When the excavator is operating, it is impossible to perform any work from the side of the face and be under the bucket or excavator boom.

3.18. Before descending into a well or pit, you need to make sure that there are no dangerous gases in them. The check is carried out by gas analyzers. It is forbidden to lower lit paper or a candle into the well in order to determine if there is gas.

3.19. If gas is detected, the pit or well should be ventilated with a hose fan, checked again with a gas analyzer, only after that the worker should be allowed to descend. During the entire time the worker is in the well, the fan must operate, as gases may appear suddenly.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If underground utilities or explosive materials are found during the work that are not specified by the work foreman or foreman, the excavation should be stopped and the danger zone should be left, informing the work manager. You can start work only after obtaining the appropriate permit.

4.2. If there are cuts in the slopes, signs of shifting or slipping of the soil, excavators should immediately stop the work and leave the danger zone before taking measures to ensure the stability of the slopes.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. After work, the drifter must:

check for loose vertical walls and make sure there are no soil bubbles that could collapse;
finish the started installation of soil acceptance;
check if stones and other objects are left on the slopes;
clean up the workplace, remove unnecessary items and collect tools;
get out of the depths of trenches or pits along a ladder or ladder, and not along struts;
interrupting work in a well or pit, close them and protect them.

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