Instruction on labor protection for the crane operator of cranes of all types

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection for the crane operator of cranes of all types. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General safety requirements

1.1. General safety requirements are set out in the instructions "General safety requirements for labor protection for workers employed in logging operations".

1.2. When transferring to a crane of another type or in case of a break in work for more than 6 months, the crane operator must undergo repeated training and probation.

1.3. The crane operator, admitted to independent work, must:

know the requirements for crane runways, their maintenance, grounding and crane capacity;
be able to calculate the mass of the lifted load;
know the factors affecting the stability of the crane and the causes of stability loss;
be able to determine the suitability of ropes and removable load-handling devices (slings, traverses, containers);
know the range and purpose of lubricants used to lubricate the rubbing parts of the crane;
know safe ways of slinging and hooking cargo;
comply with the rules for the safe movement of goods by cranes;
observe the procedure for exchanging signals with the slinger.

1.4. Moving cargo over premises and vehicles where people are located is not allowed.

1.5. Places of loading and unloading must be fenced off with safety signs and warning signs.

1.6. It is not allowed to work on a crane at a wind speed exceeding the value specified in the crane operation manual, as well as during snowfall, fog, rain, which reduce visibility within the working area and at an ambient air temperature below the value specified in the operation manual.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. The crane operator must familiarize himself with the entries in the logbook, accept the crane, making sure that it and the crane runway are in good condition.

To do this, the crane operator must inspect:

crane runways and end stops;
grounding conductors and their connections with rails, flexible current-carrying cable (inspection should be carried out with the switch disconnected, supplying voltage to the cable);
chassis and anti-theft grips;
crane mechanisms, their fastening, brakes;
the presence and serviceability of the guards of mechanisms and electrical equipment (without removing the casings and disassembling);
the presence of dielectric mats in the cab;
metal structures of the crane (tower, boom, portal) and the state of the connections of individual sections of the tower, boom and its suspension elements (ropes, stretch marks, blocks, earrings, etc.);
the condition of the ropes and their fastening on the drum, boom or in other places, as well as in the streams of blocks and drums.

Together with the slinger, it is necessary to inspect:

hook, its attachment to the block holder and the locking device on it or another replaceable load-gripping device installed instead of the hook, the presence of brands or tags on them indicating the load capacity, test date and number;
correct lighting;
availability of safety instruments and devices on the crane (limit switches, load capacity indicator depending on the boom reach, signal device, emergency switch, load limiter, etc.);
the presence of passages between the crane and stacks and other goods laid along the crane runways along their entire length.

2.2. Inspection of the crane should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working and the switch in the driver's cab is turned off.

2.3. When inspecting the crane, the crane operator, if necessary, must use a portable lamp with a voltage of not more than 42 V.

2.4. Electrical troubleshooting and replacement of blown fuses should only be done by an electrician.

2.5. Before putting the crane into operation, the crane operator is obliged to check all the crane mechanisms, electrical equipment, sound signal, limit switches, safety devices and blocking devices, brakes and anti-theft means at idle. If malfunctions are detected and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, the crane operator is obliged to report to the mechanic or foreman. It is forbidden to work on a defective crane.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The crane operator should not be distracted from the performance of his direct duties. It is forbidden to allow unauthorized persons to the crane and transfer control of the crane to someone without special permission.

3.2. If there is a trainee on the crane, the crane operator and the trainee should not leave the crane cabin, even for a short time, without warning each other about it.

In the absence of a crane operator, the trainee is not allowed to operate the crane.

3.3. During loading and unloading operations, the crane operator must comply with the following safety requirements:

lift and move the load only at the signal of the slinger, previously duplicating the given signal before its execution;
suspend work immediately on a stop signal, regardless of who gave the signal;
before lifting the load, the cargo ropes must be in a vertical position;
before lifting the load and before each movement of the crane, give a sound signal;
make sure that there are no slingers and other persons when lifting and lowering cargo located near a stack, railway coupler, wagon, car with a semi-trailer, between the cargo and the listed objects, and also that it is impossible for the cargo or grab to touch them;
perform smoothly without jerks all the actions of the loading mechanisms (lifting, lowering the load and boom, turning, moving the trolley with the load along the driving beam and the mechanism itself, as well as braking all movements);
the distance between the hook clips and the blocks on the boom when lifting the load must be at least 0,5 m;
lift the load while moving at least 0,5 m above the objects encountered on the way.

3.4. The mass of the lifted load, taking into account the rigging devices and containers, should not exceed the lifting capacity of the crane.

To avoid an accident, it is forbidden to lift a load of an unknown mass.

When lifting a load with a mass close to the maximum permissible lifting capacity of the crane, lift the load to a height of 200-300 mm and lower it to the ground, making sure that the crane is stable and the brake is working properly.

3.5. When leaving the crane, even for a short time, turn off the switch and close the cabin.

3.6. Lower the moved load only to the place designated for this, where the possibility of falling, overturning or slipping of the load being installed is excluded.

3.7. When using clamshell grippers, make sure that when gripping bundles of wood there are no hanging trunks and logs that can spontaneously fall out when moving the grapple.

3.8. When the crane moves along the site without a load, set the crane arrow to the transport position along the longitudinal axis of the track, and raise the hook to the upper limit position.

3.9. In the event of a malfunction, lower the load (grab, grab with load) and stop work until they are eliminated.

3.10. Timber and lumber shall be loaded into railway transport in accordance with the technical conditions and guidelines of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR.

3.11. When loading by cranes, the lifting capacity of which is sufficient to lift the "cap" entirely onto the wagon (from 5 tons and above), its formation should be carried out only on the ground (loading area) using special devices. Cranes for loading the "cap" must be equipped with devices that allow it to be lifted and laid on the rolling stock.

3.12. When loading by cranes of small capacity (up to 5 tons), the formation of a "cap" should be carried out on a gondola car or platform, while before loading, devices for forming a "cap" should be installed in the upper part of the car.

3.13. When loading wood with cranes, it is not allowed:

lift a load with a mass exceeding that established by the crane passport;
lift, lower and move the load when people are under it and in the zone of possible lowering of the boom;
during the operation of the crane to enter and leave it;
turn the boom, raise and lower the load when the crane moves;
to tear off with a hook (capture) cargoes covered with earth or frozen to the ground, laid down by other cargoes or screwed with bolts;
lift incorrectly slinged cargo;
to lift the load on one hook without a transverse traverse, on cantilever gantry cranes;
lift the load until the hook block stops in the lifting height limiter lever;
move loads on the cantilever parts of the crane;
move hung logs captured by the grab at one end;
leave the load and the grapple in a raised position or on an inclined surface from which they can break under their own weight, during breaks and at the end of work;
drag the load with a crane hook with an oblique rope tension;
transfer mechanisms from forward to reverse until they stop completely, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent an accident or an accident;
change the reach of the boom with a suspended load;
completely unwind the rope from the drum;
turn on the breaker and allow the mechanisms to work when people are on the crane. Exceptions are allowed for locksmiths and electricians when inspecting crane mechanisms. In this case, it is possible to turn on the knife switch and crane mechanisms only at the direction of the person performing the inspection and having a permit;
allow swinging and rotation of the load;
move railway rolling stock along the rails with a crane hook;
unload timber transport if there are people in its cabin on the platform or trailer;
to pick up a pack from a stack with warped (ossified) whips and logs.

It is forbidden to carry out loading and unloading operations:

on two adjacent stacks of whips or trees with a distance between them of less than 50 m, assortments - less than 25 m;
at both ends of one stack;
on adjacent platforms and gondola cars, coupled;
operate the crane without grips (wind protection devices) to secure it for the period of parking between work.

3.14. The crane operator is obliged to stop the operation of the crane and notify the foreman about this in the event of the occurrence or detection of the following malfunctions:

damage to the metal structures of the crane, breakdown of mechanisms or cracks found in their parts;
blown fuses, damaged flexible cable;
repeated twisting of the ropes of the cargo chain hoist;
falling of a steel rope with drums or blocks, formation of loops or damage to ropes;
subsidence or skew of the crane runway;
malfunction of the brakes of any crane mechanism;
failure of limiters and sound signal;
lack of lighting when working at night;
lack of a safety shield at the ends of the undercarriages, covering the rail head with a gap of no more than 20 mm;
lack of stops at the ends of the driving beam, grounding of crane runways.
3.15. In the event of a power outage, the crane operator must lower the load, set the handwheels of all controllers to the zero position, and turn off the emergency switch in the control cabin.

3.16. The operation of jib cranes directly under the wires of existing power lines of any voltage is prohibited.

4. Safety requirements in an emergency

4.1. The crane operator is obliged to stop work, lower the load and notify the foreman about this if the cases of the electric motor and controller, the casing of the apparatus and mechanisms, the hook and cables or the metal structures of the crane are energized.

4.2. If it is necessary to urgently stop the load or the crane while moving, the slinger must immediately de-energize the crane by turning off the switch that supplies voltage to the main trolley wires or the flexible cable of the crane.

4.3. The crane operator is obliged to stop work if during the lifting of the load there was a break in the strands of cables.

4.4. Work must be stopped in case of sudden occurrence of wind with a force exceeding that specified in the documentation for the crane, heavy snowfall, thick fog (visibility less than 50 m), heavy rain, when the crane operator does not distinguish signals well or sees the load poorly. With clear signs of an approaching thunderstorm, the crane operator must take measures to increase the stability of the crane.

4.5. In the event of a fire on the crane, the crane operator must immediately turn off the main switch, put the crane on anti-theft grips, report a fire or call the fire brigade and start extinguishing the fire.

4.6. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident.

4.7. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Such assistance is provided immediately, directly at the scene and in the following sequence: first you need to eliminate the energy source of injury (switch off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the whip, etc.).

Assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person (in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; in case of open fractures, first bandage the wound and then apply a splint; in case of burns, apply a dry bandage, in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues).

In case of electric shock, immediately release the victim from the action of the current (turn off the switch, cut the wire, pull or discard it with a dry stick, pole). In this case, you can not touch the victim while he is under the influence of current. If the casualty is unconscious, begin chest compressions and artificial respiration immediately until a doctor arrives.

After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.

If spinal injury is suspected, transport the victim only in the supine position on a rigid base.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. The crane operator is obliged to lower the load to the ground, remove the slings, raise the hook to the upper position.

5.2. Put the crane in place.

5.3. Set the handwheels to the zero position and turn off the crane panel switches and the main switch.

5.4. Together with the slinger, inspect, clean, lubricate all mechanisms of the crane, cable-block system, load-handling devices and clean the loading area from needles, bark, logs and other cluttering items.

5.5. Secure the crane with anti-theft clamps.

5.6. Record in the shift acceptance and delivery log the malfunctions noticed during the operation and inspection of the crane and report them to the foreman or the corresponding work manager.

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