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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for the driver of a transport and harvesting machine. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General safety requirements 1.1. This labor protection instruction for the driver of a transport harvester (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) establishes the basic safety requirements for drivers using transport harvesters (universal harvesters, snow loaders, auto and electric loaders, electric cars, electric tractors) for cleaning railway stations, stations and stops. 1.2. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination, introductory and primary briefing at the workplace, training, internship and knowledge testing are allowed to work on maintenance of transport and harvesting machines. In the process of work, drivers of transport-harvesting machines (hereinafter referred to as drivers) must undergo repeated, at least once every three months, and unscheduled briefings, as well as periodic medical examinations. In order to determine the state of health and the absence of alcohol and other drugs in the body of the driver, drivers must undergo daily (before the start of the shift) medical examinations. 1.3. Drivers servicing transport-harvesting machines are required to have a certificate for the right to drive them, know the Rules of the Road, the main sections of the Instructions for signaling on Ukrainian railways, the relevant sections of the Rules for the technical operation of Ukrainian railways. In addition, drivers servicing cars with a license plate are required to have a driver's license issued by the State Automobile Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. 1.4. Each transport and harvester must be assigned to a specific driver. Another employee who has the right to operate it may be allowed to work on this machine only with the permission of the shop manager or chief mechanic. 1.5. Employees who have passed qualification tests for the right to operate them, including the study of technical instructions and passports of these machines, are allowed to work on newly received transport and harvesting machines, with the permission of the shop manager or chief mechanic. 1.6. The driver must know:
1.7. The driver must:
1.8. The driver is prohibited:
1.9. Checking the technical serviceability of the transport and harvesting machine must be carried out before leaving for work by the mechanic on duty responsible for its good condition and confirmed by the note of the responsible person and the signature of the driver in the order - task (waybill). 1.10. While driving a transport and harvester, the driver may be affected by the following main dangerous and harmful production factors:
1.11. The driver must be provided with the following PPE:
1.12. The driver must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
1.13. Personal clothing and overalls must be stored separately in lockers in the dressing room. It is prohibited to take work clothes outside the enterprise. 1.14. The driver is obliged to monitor the serviceability of overalls, timely handing it over for washing and repair, as well as keep the lockers clean and tidy. 1.15. Eating should only be in canteens, buffets or specially designated rooms with appropriate equipment. Before eating, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap. 1.16. While on the railway tracks, the driver must comply with the following requirements:
1.17. The driver is prohibited:
1.18. When entering the track from a room or buildings that impair the visibility of the track, you must first make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it. 1.19. In case of injury or illness, the driver must stop work, notify the work manager and seek help from a first-aid post or the nearest medical facility. In case of injury to other workers, it is necessary to provide him with first aid, immediately inform the administration and, if necessary, deliver the victim to a medical facility. 1.20. If violations of this Instruction are found, as well as malfunctions of the machine, equipment, tools, protective devices, personal protective equipment and fire extinguishing, the driver must immediately inform the garage mechanic about this, and in his absence - to a higher manager. 1.21. Knowledge and fulfillment by the driver of the requirements of this Instruction is an official duty, and their violation is a violation of labor discipline, which entails, depending on the consequences, disciplinary or other liability in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine. 2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE WORKING START 2.1. Upon receipt of an order - task (waybill), the driver must familiarize himself with the working conditions, with the type of cargo being removed or transported. 2.2. Before leaving for work, the driver must check: possession of a driving license; the correctness of filling out the order - tasks (waybill) and sign it; technical serviceability of the machine, which guarantees the safety of work; the serviceability of the operation of the brakes, clutch, friction clutches, gearboxes; reliability of fastening of levers and steering rods, as well as steering play; tire condition and pressure; serviceability of lighting devices, brake light, direction indicators, sound (alert) signal; no leakage of fuel, oil, water, antifreeze; availability of tools, accessories and portable emergency stop signs, as well as signal warning signs (orange or yellow flashing beacon, red flag or shield) installed on the transport and harvester when working on the platform; filling the car with fuel, oil, water, antifreeze and brake fluid; electrolyte level in batteries; availability and serviceability of blocking and other devices. 2.3. The driver of the universal harvester must check the reliability of fastening and connection of trailed and mounted units, mechanisms and devices. 2.4. The driver of an auto- and electric loader must check the idle operation of the lifting mechanisms and special drives. 2.5. The driver of an electric car must check the serviceability of the brakes on the go, the operation of the electric lock. 2.6. The driver must not start work if a malfunction is detected in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited by the Rules of the Road or at least one of the following defects occurs: brakes not adjusted or faulty; the brake signal is faulty; motor overheating or electric motor sparking; low tire pressure, through holes, damage to the cord; damage to electrical wires; leaks in the connections of oil pipelines, gasoline pipelines, batteries; faulty lighting and other malfunctions indicated in the machine's operating instructions. 2.7. The driver of an auto- and electric forklift should not start work if a crack is found in the welds on the frame, the forklift carriage and load gripping devices, loosening of the fastening of the cargo chains, hydraulic cylinder fingers. 2.8. Before starting work, the driver must put on the working clothes and safety shoes that are due to him, and put them in order. The driver must not remove overalls and safety shoes during the entire working time. 2.9. If, during the inspection and testing of the machine, faults are found that cannot be eliminated on their own, the driver must notify the mechanic on duty or the person responsible for the technical condition and safe operation of the vehicles, and not start work until they are eliminated. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. Safety requirements when working on all types of transport and harvesting machines 3.1.1. During work, the driver must comply with the rules of the road, the rules for loading and unloading operations, apply safe working methods during the repair and maintenance of the machine. 3.1.2. While driving, the driver must:
3.1.3. Transport and harvesting machines should work only on the territory with a good-quality hard and smooth surface: asphalt, concrete, paving stones. 3.1.4. The cleaned area and passages of railway stations, railway stations must be well lit and freed from foreign objects. 3.1.5. When crossing railway tracks, the driver must make sure that there is no approaching rolling stock. In the case of the movement of rolling stock, it is necessary to stop the car and wait for the track to be cleared. 3.1.6. Railway tracks The driver must cross the crossings at low speed without changing gears. 3.1.7. The driver must maintain such a distance from the vehicle in front, which would allow to avoid a collision or run over in case of a sudden stop of the vehicle in front. 3.1.8. The driver must observe the following speed:
3.1.9. In all cases where there is a danger of an unexpected meeting with people, the driver must give a sound signal no closer than 5 meters. 3.1.10. When passing for cleaning on the forecourt and platforms, when there are passengers on them, the driver is obliged to warn them with a signal about the approach of the car and take special care when driving. Turning off the rotating beacon during the entire time of operation of the transport and harvester is not allowed. The driver must also give a warning sound signal when starting the car from a place and when changing direction. 3.1.11. The movement of vehicles on the platforms should be carried out no closer than 1 m from the edge of the platform. When cleaning platforms from snow, it is allowed to bring the machine closer to the edge of the platforms no closer than 0,5 m. 3.1.12. The driver is prohibited:
3.1.13. Before filling the engine cooling system with antifreeze, it is necessary to check for leakage and, if found, eliminate it. Filling the engine cooling system with antifreeze must be done using dishes specially designed for this purpose. It is forbidden to pour antifreeze with a hose by suction by mouth. Antifreeze should not be poured up to the radiator neck, but in such a way that during engine operation (when heated), antifreeze does not leak due to overflow of the cooling system. Protect antifreeze from oil products getting into it, since during engine operation they lead to foaming of antifreeze. After each operation with antifreeze (receiving, refueling), hands must be thoroughly washed with soap and water. 3.2. Safety requirements when working on a universal harvester 3.2.1. Passenger platforms should only be cleaned during the break between trains. It is impossible to water the platform if there are electric trains with a raised pantograph on the railway track. 3.2.2. During the movement of the machine, stones, mounds, potholes and other obstacles should be avoided, while attachments, mechanisms and devices should be raised, and the upper engine guard should be tightly closed. 3.2.3. When working on the territory adjacent to the railway station, railway station and on passenger platforms, the driver must not turn the machine sharply and sharply. 3.2.4. The height of the shoveled snow shaft should not exceed 0,5 m in order to avoid slipping of the machine and the danger of it slipping to the side. 3.2.5. While the machine is in operation, the driver must ensure that there are no bystanders in the working area when watering, washing or clearing snow. 3.2.6. When turning or changing the position of the working bodies, the driver is obliged to make sure that these operations are completely safe for passengers. Particular care must be taken when working in icy, foggy or poor visibility conditions. 3.2.7. When parking a trailer, the driver must put stops under the wheels. 3.2.8. The driver must not allow the passage of people on trailed and mounted units, mechanisms and devices. 3.2.9. The driver must not remove any objects from under the trailers and attachments of the machine while the engine is running. 3.2.10. Starting an automobile engine is usually done with a starter. When starting the engine with the crank, it is necessary to clasp it with all fingers on one side, without clamping the handle with your thumb. Move the handle from bottom to top. Starting the engine by towing is not allowed. 3.3. Safety requirements when working on a snow loader. 3.3.1. When moving through the territory of the railway station, the station, the driver must transfer the boom and shovel on the snow loader to the transport position. To prevent the snow loader from tipping over, its path should not have a transverse slope of more than 15 °, when driving on sharp turns, the speed should be reduced to 5 km / h. 3.3.2. When starting off or at the beginning of work, it is necessary to give a sound signal. 3.3.3. Upon arrival at the work site, the driver must lower the shovel to the loading horizon and raise the conveyor boom to the required height. 3.3.4. Before loading the snow, the driver must make sure that there are no people in the area of the work ahead and between the snow loader and the vehicle on which the snow is loaded. 3.3.5. When loading snow, the driver must:
3.3.6. When the snow loader is in operation, workers engaged in snow removal are not allowed to be on the conveyor, as well as at a distance of less than 5 m from its paws. 3.3.7. The driver can increase the speed of snow supply only if the snow loader easily overcomes the snow bank. 3.3.8. Let the snow loader idle for a while before clearing snow from the snow loader's shovel and conveyor. 3.3.9. It is necessary to clean the shovels and conveyor of the snow loader from frozen snow only after the mechanism has completely stopped using shovels, scrapers and other hand tools. 3.4. Safety requirements when working on a car and electric forklift 3.4.1. The driver must follow the instructions of the slinger for lifting, lowering and moving the load. The "Stop" signal should be followed in all cases, no matter who gave it. 3.4.2. Move the auto- and electric forklift from a place smoothly, at low engine speeds. During movement, the load or gripper should be at a distance of 300 - 400 mm from the ground or floor surface with the frame of the load lifter tilted back. 3.4.3. Do not make sudden braking while driving. The movement of an auto- and electric loader with a load is allowed with a slope of not more than 7 °. When transporting cargo downhill, move in reverse, on a slope - forward. It is forbidden to lift and lower the load while moving. 3.4.4. The fork tines should be set at the same distance from the center of the forklift carriage. Place the center of gravity of the load as close as possible to the front walls of the forks and to the middle of the forklift carriage. 3.4.5. Small piece cargo is allowed to be lifted only if it is placed in a special container that protects it from falling. 3.4.6. Do not allow people to stay under the load taken on the working attachment of the forklift. 3.4.7. Before lifting and lowering the load, put the forklift on the handbrake, and for the electric forklift, put the brake pedal on the latch. 3.4.8. Do not move an auto-, electric forklift with a forward-tilted forklift frame. 3.4.9. When transporting cargo, the driver must comply with the following requirements:
3.4.10. When driving an auto- and electric forklift, always watch the upper obstacles (wires, arches and other obstacles). 3.4.11. It is forbidden to tear off a frozen or clamped load, to seize the load if there is no clearance under it for inserting the forks. 3.4.12. After transportation, the load must be placed on gaskets that ensure the free exit of the gripping fork from under the load. 3.4.13. The load on the gripping fork should be placed in such a way that the resulting tipping moment is minimal. In this case, the load must be pressed against the vertical part of the gripping fork. 3.4.14. Before lifting a load, the driver must fulfill the following requirements:
3.4.15. If, for any reason, the lifting mechanism carriage stops moving along the guides and the forks do not rise or fall, the driver should stop work and inform the work manager about this. 3.4.16. When working on a car and electric forklift, it is prohibited:
3.4.17. The driver of the electric forklift is prohibited from operating the electric forklift with the panel removed from the control panel and the battery open. 3.4.18. When leaving the auto- and electric forklift, the driver must remove the key from the electric control circuit switch and set it to the parking brake. 3.4.19. Long loads are allowed to be transported only in open areas, previously tied in such a way that the possibility of their falling is excluded. 3.4.20. In order to avoid tipping over of the auto- and electric loader under adverse weather conditions (icy, wet or slippery road), sudden braking is not allowed. In the event of a loss of a stable position by the auto- and electric loader (when the rear wheels come off the supporting surface), the load must be lowered immediately. 3.5. Safety requirements when working on an electric car and an electric tractor 3.5.1. Electric cars, electric tractors can be operated on passenger platforms and in other places on the territory of a railway station, station, where the slope does not exceed 15 °. When stopping on a slope, these vehicles must be braked with a hand brake. Parking them on a slope of more than 8 ° is not allowed. 3.5.2. The driver is obliged to monitor the correct loading, lashing the load on the trolley so that its stability is ensured during transportation, as well as its safety on the way. 3.5.3. When transporting cargo that can arbitrarily move around the platform of an electric car, the driver must require the installation of safety racks and reliable fastening of the cargo. It is prohibited to use an electric car without fulfilling these requirements. 3.5.4. Electrical braking is not permitted under normal conditions and should only be used as a last resort when there is a risk of collision with people, other vehicles or other obstacles. 3.5.5. The driver is allowed to attach luggage or container carts, but not more than ten. The weight of the trailer trolley together with the load must not exceed the carrying capacity of the electric car, electric tractor. 3.5.6. An electric car, an electric tractor must be equipped with a reliable towing device with a lock that prevents spontaneous disengagement. 3.5.7. When working on an electric car, electric tractor, it is prohibited to tow carts of an unspecified type, dragging loads and devices by dragging, as well as towing with two electric cars, electric tractors. 3.5.8. In all cases, the movement of the electric car should be carried out forward by the platform on which the driver is standing, except for cases of maneuvering at a short distance of up to 10 meters, when it is necessary to supply the electric car for loading or unloading in warehouses platform forward. 3.5.9. If it is necessary to switch the electric car to reverse, the driver must stop it, turn his face in the direction of the subsequent movement, and then reverse. 3.5.10. The driver is prohibited from switching the electric car to reverse while driving until it comes to a complete stop, except in cases of obvious danger. 3.5.11. All bulk cargo should only be transported in containers or crates. The height of the placement of cargo on the platform of the electric car should not exceed the racks of the controller, the cargo should not protrude beyond the platform. 3.5.12. When leaving the electric car (electric tractor) and at the end of work, you must remove the battery plug from the socket and lock it. 3.5.13. During the boarding and disembarkation of passengers from the cars, the movement of electric cars and electric tractors on the platform is not allowed. 3.6. Safety requirements for the maintenance of transport and harvesters 3.6.1. Maintenance and repair of transport harvesters should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the instructions for their operation. 3.6.2. To ensure safety during the repair and maintenance of the machine, the driver must:
3.6.3. Leave the car at stops, parking lots and when refueling is possible only with the engine turned off. 3.6.4. The delivery of the machine, which has failed, to the garage should be carried out by towing with a tractor. It is forbidden to push the machine with another vehicle. 3.6.5. When towing the machine, it is necessary to use a special towing device with a test tag. When towing on a flexible hitch, it is necessary to ensure the distance between the towing and towed machine within 4-6 m, on a rigid hitch - no more than 4 m. 3.6.6. When servicing and repairing the machine, it is forbidden for unauthorized persons to stay at the workplace. 3.6.7. All operations related to maintenance and repair must be carried out after the machine is completely stopped, it is braked, the gear lever is set to the neutral position, the engine is stopped and the working bodies are lowered to the ground or mounted on clamps (special racks). At least two stops must be placed under the wheels on opposite sides of the wheel. With the engine running, only checking the operation of the brakes and engine systems is allowed. 3.6.8. During inspections, adjustment, adjustment and repair operations, when the driver is forced to be under the working bodies raised and installed on the clamps (special racks), it is forbidden for other employees and unauthorized persons to be near the levers and control handles of the working bodies and touch these levers and handles. 3.6.9. During the maintenance and repair of the machine, the driver is obliged to use only serviceable tools and a portable lamp with a safety net with a voltage of no higher than 42 V, and in the inspection ditch no higher than 12 V. 3.6.10. Hammers, sledgehammers must be mounted on handles made of hard wood and wedged with metal wedges. Chisels, barbs and cores should not have knocked down and beveled impact parts, burrs on the side edges and places where they are clamped by hand. 3.6.11. The size of the wrenches during operation must match the size of the nuts and bolts. If you need to have a long lever, you should use a wrench with an extended handle. It is forbidden to increase the key with another key. 3.6.12. Files and screwdrivers must be firmly fixed in the handles with metal rings. The surface of the wooden handles of the tools must be smooth, without burrs and cracks. 3.6.13. When working with a chisel and other hand tools when cutting metal, it is necessary to wear safety goggles. 3.6.14. Wedges or chisels should be supported during operation by wedge holders with a handle length of at least 70 cm. 3.6.15. To lift working bodies during repairs, it is necessary to use serviceable lifting equipment (hoists, jacks, etc.). 3.6.16. It is necessary to use special devices or pullers for mounting and dismantling of units and attachments. It is forbidden to stay under the removed (installed) machine units. 3.6.17. Aggregates, components and wheels weighing more than 15 kg must be moved only with the help of lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. 3.6.18. Before dismantling the hydraulic system and the lubrication system, it is necessary to drain the working fluid and oil into special containers. 3.6.19. The workplace should not be cluttered with unnecessary materials and tools. Cleaning material and rags should be stored in a metal box. 3.6.20. When carrying batteries by hand, a stretcher must be used. 3.6.21. It is forbidden to tighten connections, couplings on pipelines under pressure of liquid, oil, fuel, air. 3.6.22. When removing the filler plug of a hot engine coolant radiator, be careful, for example, cover it with a thick cloth or mitt. Add coolant to the radiator with the engine running at low speed or stopped. Do not add coolant to the radiator of an overheated engine and do not bend over the filler hole. 3.6.23. Use a pump to transfer fuel when refueling and to purge fuel lines. 3.6.24. After maintenance and repair, before starting the engine, make sure that all hydraulic control drive mechanisms are set to the neutral (off) position. It is forbidden to start and operate an internal combustion engine in enclosed spaces. 3.6.25. To inspect the components of the machine being repaired, crawling under it with the engine running is prohibited. 3.6.26. Dismantling of tires and a disk of a wheel should be made only after complete removal of pressure in the chamber of the tire. Work on remounting tires should be carried out at a specially equipped place with the presence and use of safety devices (studs, staples, etc.). 3.6.27. When remounting, use only a special tool designed for this type of wheel. 3.6.28. In order to avoid damage to wheel parts, tires and chipping off of small metal parts when dismantling the wheel, hitting the blades should be done with an aluminum sledgehammer. 3.6.29. When installing tubes, tires and wheels, do not allow dirt and other objects to get into the mounted wheel. If water or dirt gets into the chamber, tire or other parts of the mounted wheel, they should be washed and wiped dry. 3.6.30. Before dismantling each tire that was in operation, it is necessary to inspect the inner and outer surfaces for the absence of foreign objects on them. The inner surface should be wiped with a special scraper or a bunch of ends. It is forbidden to feel the inner surface with unprotected hands. Removal of detected foreign objects (nails, glass, pieces of wire, etc.) should be done with special tools. 3.6.31. During an internal inspection of the tire, between the bead on the inside and the rim edge, it is necessary to put wooden or special spacers. 3.6.32. Tires of mounted wheels should be inflated only through the spool in a special safety device (cage, spider, etc.). At the end of tire inflation, it is necessary to check for bleeding through the spool with a soapy solution from a dropper or from another appropriate device. 3.6.33. When inflating tires, it is necessary to monitor the correct fit of the locking ring, correcting it only at the beginning of inflation. 3.6.34. Tires should be inflated from a pneumatic system of a stationary compressor or a compressed air cylinder with a gearbox. 3.6.35. In all cases, tires should be inflated to the pressure established by the operating rules for this type of pneumatic tires and depending on their installation location on the vehicle. Before inflating a tire, make sure that the hose is securely fastened to the valve of the pneumatic chamber, and during inflation, constantly monitor the pressure in the wheel using the pressure gauge mounted on the hose. 3.6.36. When inflating a pneumatic tire, it is forbidden to knock on it. Correct by tapping only after the air supply has been cut off. 3.6.37. It is possible to inflate a tire without remounting only if the air pressure in it has decreased by no more than 40 percent of normal, or if there is confidence that the decrease in pressure has not violated the correct installation of wheel parts. 3.6.38. The tire of the wheel mounted on the vehicle should be inflated only when the wheel is raised from the ground. After inflating the tire, install the cap on the valve. 3.6.39. Tire assemblies delivered for repair and after repair should be installed in a specially designated place in a standing position and the convex side of the disk away from you towards the wall. 3.6.40. When cutting cuffs on a blank, it is necessary to cut with a knife away from you, moisten the knife with water. 3.6.41. In the event of malfunctions with the chamber valve, reducer, compressed air cylinder valve, tools and devices, it is necessary to stop work and report this to the garage mechanic on duty. 4. Safety requirements in emergency situations 4.1. Actions of the driver in the event of situations that may lead to undesirable consequences 4.1.1. When working on a transport and harvester, the following main emergencies may occur:
4.1.2. In the event of an emergency, the driver is obliged to stop work, turn off the engine, brake the wheels, immediately report the incident to his immediate supervisor and then follow his instructions to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency. 4.1.3. Drivers who are nearby are obliged to immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the victim or eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen. 4.1.4. In the event of a fire, it is necessary to immediately begin to eliminate the fire, using primary fire extinguishing equipment and, if necessary, inform the fire brigade personally or through people nearby. 4.1.6. In case of fire of the transport-harvesting machine, only carbon dioxide, powder and aerosol fire extinguishers should be used. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not touch the bell with your hand. 4.1.7. If fuel (gasoline) ignites, it is forbidden to extinguish the fire with water. In this case, you should use a foam fire extinguisher, cover the fire with earth, sand, cover with a tarpaulin or felt mat. When extinguishing with a felt mat, cover the flame so that the fire from under it does not fall on the extinguishing person. When extinguishing a flame with sand, a scoop, shovel, etc. do not raise to eye level to avoid getting sand into them. 4.1.8. When using fire extinguishers, direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide, aerosol) away from people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda. 4.2. Actions of the driver to provide first (pre-medical) aid to the injured 4.2.1. electrical injury In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to stop the current (turn off the voltage, cut the wire, etc.), while observing safety measures and not touching the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current. In the event of a high-voltage current or lightning strike, the victim, despite the absence of signs of life, can be brought back to life. If the victim is not breathing, immediately apply artificial respiration and at the same time heart massage. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until natural breathing is restored or until the doctor arrives. After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the place of the electric burn and take measures to eliminate mechanical damage (bruises, fractures) that may occur during a fall. The victim of an electrical injury, regardless of his state of health and the absence of complaints, should be sent to a medical institution. 4.2.2. Mechanical injury When receiving a mechanical injury, it is necessary to stop the bleeding, treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, and apply a bandage. If a tourniquet is applied, it is necessary to record the time of its application. The tourniquet can be left on for two hours in the warm season, and in the cold - one hour. In case of fractures, it is necessary to apply a splint fixing the immobility of the damaged parts of the body. To do this, you can use boards and a bandage. With open fractures, it is necessary to bandage the wound before applying the splint. When sprained, apply a pressure bandage and a cold compress to the sprain. In case of dislocations, the limb is immobilized in the position it took after the injury, a cold compress is applied to the joint area. With all types of mechanical injuries, the victim must be taken to a medical facility. 4.2.3. Thermal burns For first-degree burns (only redness and slight swelling of the skin are observed), moisten the burned area with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. For second-degree burns (fluid-filled blisters form), a sterile dressing should be applied to the burnt area. Do not lubricate the burned area with fat and ointments, open or pierce blisters. In case of severe burns, a sterile bandage should be applied to the burned area and the victim should be immediately sent to a medical facility. Do not lubricate the burnt place with fat or ointments, tear off parts of clothing that are burnt to the skin. The burnt person must be given plenty of hot tea. 4.2.4. Acid and alkali burns In case of acid burns, the burned area of the body should be washed with water with alkalis added to it: soda, chalk, tooth powder, magnesia. In the absence of alkalis, it is necessary to abundantly water the burnt body with clean water. In case of burns with caustic alkalis, the burnt area of the body should be washed with water acidified with acetic or citric acid, or washed with clean water, pouring plenty of water on the burned area. 4.2.5. Poisoning In case of poisoning with poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, allowing him to drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water, tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda. After drink milk and give to drink 1 - 2 tablets of activated charcoal. In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim an enveloping agent: milk, raw eggs. In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors. When breathing and cardiac activity stop, start artificial respiration and heart massage. In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility. In case of accidental ingestion of antifreeze, the victim should be immediately taken to a medical facility. 4.2.6. Eye injury In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical institution. Objects that get into the eyes should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Apply a sterile bandage to the eye. If dust or powder gets into eyes, rinse them with a gentle stream of running water. In case of chemical burns, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility. In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility. 5. Safety requirements at the end of work 5.1. Upon completion of work, the driver must:
5.2. To clean the skin from industrial pollution at the end of the working day, it is necessary to use protective and washing pastes and ointments that combine the properties of protective and detergents. To maintain the skin in good condition after work, you should use various indifferent ointments and creams (boric vaseline, lanolin cream, etc.). It is not allowed to use kerosene or other toxic petroleum products to clean the skin and personal protective equipment. 5.3. In winter, it is necessary to drain the water from the cooling system. When opening the cap of the engine cooling system, take precautions against the possible release of hot water. Open the cork in gloves or put a pre-dense cloth on the cork to avoid burns to the hands and face. 5.4. At the end of maintenance or repair, tidy up the workplace, clean and put away tools and fixtures. 5.5. Hand over the keys to the security officer at the parking lot. 5.6. It is prohibited to store the transport-harvester at the driver's place of residence. 5.7. About all violations of the technological process, malfunctions and defects noticed during operation, and about the measures taken to eliminate them, the driver of the transport and harvester must inform the garage mechanic or the person responsible for the technical serviceability of the vehicles.
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▪ section of the Radio Control website. Article selection ▪ article by Lucius Annaeus Seneca (the Younger). Famous aphorisms ▪ How was the “Viennese system” created and how was the Holy Alliance formed? Detailed answer ▪ article Work on a circular machine. Standard instruction on labor protection
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