Instructions on labor protection when unloading railway cars

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Instructions on labor protection when unloading railway cars

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age and recognized by the medical commission as fit for this work are allowed to perform work on unloading wagons.

1.2. When entering work, a worker must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, fire safety, industrial sanitation, techniques and methods of providing first aid to victims and must be familiarized with the terms of work, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, on the rules behavior in the event of an accident.

1.3. Before starting work directly at the workplace, the worker must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of performing work.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for the registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for the registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.4. A worker employed in the unloading of railway cars, after an initial briefing at the workplace, must, for 2-15 shifts, depending on the length of service, experience and nature of work, undergo an internship under the guidance of an experienced foreman, who is appointed by order (instruction) for the enterprise.

1.5. Repeated briefing on the rules and methods of safe work and labor protection, the worker must undergo:

periodically, at least once a quarter;
with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.6. The worker must work in overalls, safety shoes, which are provided for by the Model Industry Standards: cotton overalls with a hood made of dust-proof fabric, leather boots and canvas mittens. When working with dusty, loose and solid caustic substances, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment: goggles, a respirator.

Overalls and safety shoes must be in good working order and correspond to the height and size of the worker.

1.7. Workers engaged in unloading pitch must undergo a medical examination in accordance with the period established by the Regulations on the Medical Examination of Workers of Certain Categories.

1.8. If there is a risk of falling objects from above, the worker must wear a hard hat when unloading.

1.9. Work areas must be equipped with safety signs. Signs with the inscriptions "Entry", "Exit", "U-turn", etc. should be installed in appropriate places.

1.10. While working on the railroad tracks, it is prohibited:

sit down and stand on rails, wits and crosspieces of turnouts;
pass between standing uncoupled cars if the distance between them is less than 10 m;
run across the tracks in front of moving units (train, locomotive, etc.);
ride on footboards, buffers, coupler heads of mobile units, as well as get on and off them while driving.

1.11. Places for unloading operations, including passages and driveways, must have sufficient natural or artificial lighting of at least 50 lux. Illumination should be uniform, without the dazzling effect of lamps.

1.12. Work on unloading wagons must be carried out mechanized using cranes, loaders and small-scale mechanization (winches, blocks, jacks).

The mechanized method of unloading is mandatory for goods weighing more than 30 kg, as well as for lifting goods to a height of more than 3 m.

It is forbidden to work with faulty tools and mechanisms.

1.13. Materials should be carried on a stretcher along a horizontal path only in exceptional cases at a distance of no more than 25 m; it is forbidden to carry materials on a stretcher along steps and ladders.

1.14. When carrying loads manually on a horizontal surface, the following limiting standards must be observed:

10 kg - for women;
30 kg - for men (over 18 years old).

1.15. It is not allowed for a worker to stay in the zone of a possible fall of goods when unloading wagons, as well as when moving goods with hoisting and transport equipment.

1.16. Unloading wagons at stations and access tracks is allowed only under the direction of the person responsible for these works. The worker must know the sequence of operations and coordinate actions with other workers.

1.17. All loading and unloading operations that are associated with freight railway rolling stock must be carried out at the following sites:

gondola cars with bulk cargo from overpasses or elevated tracks (tracks with elevated slopes), and when unloading by crane - directly from the tracks;
wagons, platforms and gondola cars with artificial cargo in a stationary or portable ramp directly from the tracks, close to the places of storage of goods.

1.18. Before the locomotive is delivered on an increased gauge, if there are wagons on it under unloading, after the train compiler has been warned about the upcoming maneuver, the workers must stop all work related to unloading and move to a safe area.

1.19. It is forbidden to move cars towards each other or one after another if the distance between them is less than 15 m, or to be a worker in front of a moving car.

1.20. It is prohibited to allow unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication, to places where wagons are unloaded.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, workers employed in the unloading of railway wagons must perform the following safety measures:

get personal protective equipment depending on the nature of the work (glasses, respirators), put on overalls, safety shoes, etc.;
check the availability and serviceability of loading and unloading equipment and tools;
clear and level the area where loading, unloading and processing of goods is carried out. In winter, the site must be cleared of snow and sprinkled with anti-icing material;
before starting work with pitch, workers should lubricate the face and exposed parts of the body with a protective ointment (chiot-6, lanolin or other neutral ointment).

2.2. It is allowed to start unloading of railway wagons only after the wagons have come to a complete stop and brake shoes have been placed under the wheels on both sides. It is forbidden to use logs, wedges and other objects instead of brake shoes.

On the rails at a distance of at least 5 m from the car, in order to protect it from shocks by moving neighboring cars, guarding shoes are installed.

2.3. If faults and shortcomings are identified, the workers must report them to the person who manages the unloading of the wagons, and do not start work until they are eliminated.

2.4. When opening and closing the door of a covered wagon, workers should be on the right side of the door and, if necessary, use special crowbars.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Safety requirements for unloading bulk cargo

3.1.1. Bulk cargo should be unloaded in a mechanized way, excluding air pollution of the working area.

3.1.2. Opening the hatches of gondola cars when unloading bulk cargo on overpasses and elevated gauges with a height of more than 2,5 m should be done from special bridges, and closed using special hatch lifts. On elevated gauges up to 2,5 m high, hatches can be opened from the ground using rods or devices specially designed for this. When closing the hatch manually, at least two people must do this.

3.1.3. Bridges or steps for transition from a wagon to trains from a wagon to a stack must be made of boards with a thickness of at least 60 mm, fastened on the underside with metal or wooden planks at intervals of no more than 500 mm and have a width of at least 1 mm.

3.1.4. If the train is located below the level of the floor of the car, loading and unloading of rolled and barreled cargoes manually is allowed by ladders by two workers with a weight of one piece not more than 55 kg, and with a weight of one piece over 55 kg, loading is carried out using strong ropes.

3.1.5. Unloading of bulk cargoes is carried out in compliance with the dimensions of the approach to the buildings in accordance with the Rules for the technical operation of railways.

3.1.6. When unloading railway platforms with bulk cargo using a tractor with attachments, the following requirements must be observed:

the platform along the platform from the side where the tractor will move must be freed from the remnants of the load that was folded before;
before applying the platform to elevated gauges, they must be carefully examined, additional fastenings of the sides and wooden risers must be removed;
preparation of the tractor for unloading the platform and the unloading itself must be carried out under the supervision of the responsible foreman;
the work of the tractor driver is supervised by a loader, who must be either on an adjacent platform or on elevated tracks no closer than 2 m from the platform that is being unloaded;
take measures to prevent the appearance of unauthorized people and vehicles in the tractor operation area;
Tractor access to the platform is allowed only when the scraper is raised to a height of at least 500 mm from the platform floor. The scraper should be lowered at the command of the signalman and when the scraper is located above the platform.

3.1.7. When using a tractor with attachments, it is prohibited:

unload frozen cargo;
advance by the tractor when shifting the load in higher gears;
work with a scraper not equipped with a device that prevents rupture of the extended clamping corner rails of the platform floor;
move the tractor if there are people or machines in the danger zone;
turn the tractor with the scraper loaded into the load.

3.1.8. During loading and unloading operations with loose, caked and, in particular, frozen cargo, it is not allowed to dig the cargo.

3.1.9. Frozen cargo is unloaded under the supervision of a foreman. Loosening of heavily frozen cargo with a vibrating spreader should be carried out before the supply of wagons to elevated gauges. In case of slight freezing of the load, the workers, when loosening it with a barbell, should be on the side of the hatch.

3.1.10. To clean gondola cars from cargo residues, loaders enter the middle of the gondola car through open hatches. If necessary, portable steps are used for this. All hatches must be open. It is forbidden to open hatches when people are in the middle of the gondola car.

3.1.11. When opening the sides of the platform, you must first open the middle tabs-locks of the platform, and then the outer ones, while standing on the side of the side.

When unloading several wagons at the same time, they should be unloaded through one.

3.1.12. When unloading crushed stone from self-unloading wagons, it is necessary to have a remote control for opening chutes. It is forbidden for workers to be on the unloading platform from the side of the unloading front.

3.1.13. When unloading crushed stone materials from railway gondola cars, it is necessary to observe the following labor protection measures:

check the serviceability of locks and hatch hinges;
install wooden sloping shields under the hatches of gondola cars;
gondola car hatches must be opened by two workers simultaneously from one side of the gondola car;
when opening hatches and sides, goggles must be used;
when unlocking the locks, the workers who perform this work should stand along the edges of the opening hatch outside the fall zone, the rest of the workers should be at a distance of no closer than 10 m from the cars;
enter the gondola car for unloading material and cleaning the floor from the end of the gondola car using brackets, and in their absence - using step-ladders securely attached to its side;
before starting unloading and cleaning gondola cars, inspect the serviceability of fastening the end door, if defects in fastening the door are detected, stop unloading until the defects are eliminated;
tidy up the shields and close the hatches of gondola cars, as well as clean the tracks from the material that woke up after the material was harvested;
before installing the hatches in place, clean the hatch guides and locks;
when supplying and rolling back gondola cars by a diesel locomotive or winch, be at a distance of no closer than 10 m from the gondola car.

3.1.14. Bulk cargo stacks must have slopes with a steepness corresponding to the angle of repose for this type of cargo, or must be fenced with strong retaining walls.

3.1.15. When carrying out work on unloading cement with pneumatic unloaders, it is prohibited:

approach the intake device closer than 1 m;
to be by unauthorized persons at the place of work when unloading cement;
during auger unloading, open the hatches of the auger chamber until the auger drive motor stops completely.

3.1.16. When unloading pitch, workers should be on the windward side.

3.1.17. When working with pitches, measures must be taken to prevent their spraying and contact with unprotected skin areas.

3.1.18. When unloading pitch from covered wagons, it is necessary to take measures that exclude the free fall of the material associated with large dust formation. The air that is forced out of the car must be sucked out and cleaned.

The unloading of pitch must be carried out mechanically and under the supervision of a responsible person. Manual unloading of pitch is allowed in exceptional cases and is carried out in the summer at night or in the absence of direct sunlight. During loading and unloading, it is necessary to periodically moisten the pitch with water in order to avoid the effect of irradiation.

3.1.19. Workplaces with pitches should be isolated from other workplaces.

3.1.20. It is allowed to work with pitches in a suit of a special cut, with a hood, in mittens made of dense impregnated tarpaulin and goggles.

3.1.21. Persons who suffer from skin diseases or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes are not allowed to work with pitch.

3.1.22. On temporary sites, as an exception, manual unloading of dusty goods is allowed with the obligatory use of respirators and goggles by loaders.

3.1.23. To protect the respiratory system from dust when unloading dust-like substances (cement, lime, alabaster, etc.), dust respirators should be used ("Lepestok", V-2K, F-62Sh, RPP-57 or PRB-5, etc.) .

8. Safety requirements during unloading of heavy and long cargoes

3.2.1. Unloading of heavy and long loads must be carried out mechanically.

Manual unloading is performed in exceptional cases, with the obligatory presence of logs and strong ropes, passes.

3.2.2. When moving heavy loads manually, strong, even, sufficiently long rollers (pipes, and in their absence, roundwood with removed bark and cleaned knots) should be laid under the load being moved.

The length of the rollers should not exceed 300 - 400 mm of the cargo dimension on each side.

3.2.3. To bring the roller under the load, it is necessary to use crowbars or rail jacks. Use random objects, bars or pipe cuts, etc. for this. prohibited.

In case of soft ground and uneven surface, it is necessary to lay boards, beams or sleepers in the way of moving the load.

3.2.4. When moving a load down an inclined plane, it is necessary to use devices that hold the load (winches, twine, etc.). Workers must be behind the lowered load. During the movement of the load, it is necessary to beware of rollers emerging from under the load.

3.2.5. Heavy loads can be moved for short distances on a horizontal surface on a sled or steel sheet with a bent front edge using a tractor (tractor, bulldozer) or winch.

3.2.6. Turn over heavy loads, bring slings under them only with the help of special devices and jacks on a specially designated area in the presence of the work manager.

3.2.7. When unloading heavy loads (boilers, transformers), it is necessary to use sunbeds. For loads weighing up to 2 tons, you can use wooden beams or logs, and for heavier loads, steel beams or decks, which are supported by sleeper cages. The upper ends of the beds must have hooks for support on the wagon platforms. Loads should be removed with one winch, and with a cable of the second - hold from the opposite side.

3.2.8. Heavy structures may be laid in several rows, provided that the design or installation position of the structures is maintained, their stability is ensured and the loading is transferred through wooden spacers at the points intended for this. Maximum stack height for elements up to 1,5 m long - in three rows on wooden spacers, up to 20 m long - in two rows.

3.2.9. Loads with a stack height of up to 1,2 m must be located from the outer edge of the head of the railway track closest to the load at a distance of at least 2,0 m, and at a higher height - at least 2,5 m with gaps between stacks of at least 2,5 m and passages of 1,0 m.

3.2.10. When storing goods, measures must be taken to prevent them from being pinched or frozen to the site surface.

3.2.11. When unloading long beams and logs manually using a log of rails or logs, it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the logs that lie on the ground are firmly fixed with stops.

Rails and beams should be moved to the edge of the platform and lowered along the logs using crowbars and special grips.

3.2.12. When unloading pipes, it is necessary to monitor the stability of the stack. With an unstable position of the stack, the risers should be supported on the grip, and wedges should be knocked under the outer pipe.

Then they cut off the upper ends of the risers at the level of the second row from the top and roll the outermost pipe along the logs with the help of crowbars. To prevent others from rolling behind the first pipe, a wedge must be placed under the second pipe. The risers are cut down sequentially, after unloading each row.

3.2.13. Each place of long cargo during unloading is lowered along the logs after the previous cargo is unloaded from the log. It is forbidden to lower several pieces of long cargo at the same time.

3.2.14. Inclined planes or ladders, on which the load is lowered, must be sufficiently strong and have devices to prevent slipping. Do not stand in front of a load that is rolling down an incline.

3.2.15. The movement of barreled cargo by rolling is permissible only at one level. At different levels, loads weighing more than 30 kg must move along the ladders. Do not carry barrel weights on your back.

3.2.16. When rolling barrels, rolls, drums, etc. the worker must be behind the load that is moving, and not allow it to roll faster than the step of the worker.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Upon completion of work, you must:

clean and put away tools and devices in the place provided for storage;
remove overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment, clean them from dust and other dirt and hide them in the place provided for storage;
wash face and hands with warm water and soap, take a shower.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In case of unforeseen maneuvers of the locomotive in the working area of unloading wagons, immediately stop unloading and leave the danger zone.

5.2. In case of detection of deformations, violations (shift, inclination) of the stability of the stack of materials, leave the danger zone.

5.3. In case of a sharp change in meteorological conditions (thunderstorm, fog, snowfall), stop unloading work.

5.4. In case of depressurization of pneumatic pipelines (hose rupture) at the moment of cement unloading, turn off the air supply.

5.5. In the event of an accident, the worker must be able to provide first aid to the victim, call an ambulance and inform the administration about the accident.

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