Instructions for labor protection when arranging foundations in open pits

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Instructions on labor protection when arranging foundations in open pits. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

Safety Precautions

1. The development of pits when approaching underground utilities should be carried out under the supervision of a foreman, and in the immediate vicinity of live cables, in addition, under the supervision of employees of the electrical facilities operating this line.

2. If communications not specified in the excavation plan are found, work should be stopped and reported to the foreman.

3. The development of pits in the immediate vicinity of underground utilities should be carried out with extreme caution only with the help of shovels; use of impact tools (crowbars, picks, pneumatic tools) is prohibited.

4. Pit pits, trenches developed on the streets, driveways and in the courtyards of settlements, as well as in places where people and vehicles move, must be fenced. Warning notices must be installed on the fences, and at night - signal lighting.

5. The distance between the pit fencing and the axis of the nearest rail of the railway track must be at least 5,5 m.

6. Step-ladders and ladders should be used to descend into the pit and ascent. It is forbidden to descend into the pit along the braces of the fasteners, as well as to use the elements of the fasteners to lower materials and equipment into the pit.

7. The performance of work in pits and trenches developed by slopes (without fastenings), but subjected to moisture, is allowed provided that precautions are taken against its collapse, namely:

a) a thorough inspection by the master before starting work;

b) temporary cessation of work in the pit;

c) local decrease in the steepness of the slope;

d) prohibition of movement of vehicles within the collapse prism.

8. When working on slopes of pits with a depth of more than 3 m and a steepness of more than 1:1 (and with wet soils more than 1:2), workers must use safety belts.

9. The condition of the slopes should be monitored by inspecting them before starting work.

10. Soil thrown out of the pit should be placed at a distance of at least 0,5 m from the edge. It is forbidden to develop the soil by the method of "undermining". When peaks are formed or when boulders, stones and other heavy objects are on the slopes, workers must leave the danger zone and report to the foreman. Work on the collapse of "visors", stones, etc., is carried out under the guidance of a foreman.

11. It is forbidden to install and move construction machines and vehicles, place winches, power transmission line poles within the prism of collapse of unsecured pits.

12. In the absence of inventory and standard parts for fixing pits up to 3 m deep, the following requirements must be observed:

a) use for fastening soils of natural moisture (except sandy) boards with a thickness of at least 4 cm, and in sandy soils - at least 5 cm, laying them behind vertical posts as they deepen close to the ground with reinforcement with spacers;

b) install fastening racks at least every 1,5 m;

c) place the spacers of fasteners at a vertical distance of not more than 1 m from one another; under the ends of the spacers (top and bottom), nail the bosses;

d) let out the upper boards of fastenings above the edges of the pit by at least 15 cm;

e) to strengthen the fastenings on which the shelves intended for the transfer of soil rest, and to protect these shelves with side boards, at least 15 cm high.

13. The dismantling of the plank fastenings of the pits should be carried out in the direction from the bottom up as the soil is backfilled or the foundation is erected. The number of simultaneously removed boards in height should not exceed three, and in loose or unstable soils - one board. When removing boards, spacers should be rearranged accordingly, and existing ones can be removed only after new ones are installed. Disassembly of fasteners should be carried out under the guidance of a foreman.

14. Installation and movement of construction machines and mechanisms, as well as vehicles within the collapse prism is allowed only with the permission of the foreman.

15. Work in the excavation on the completion and leveling of the soil is allowed only in the presence of the foreman, while monitoring the condition of the fastening structures must be ensured.

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