Ways to improve the efficiency of labor activity. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Ways to improve the efficiency of labor activity. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The efficiency of a person's labor activity to a large extent depends on the objects and tools of labor, the working capacity of the body, the organization of the workplace, and the hygienic factors of the working environment.

Working capacity - the value of the functional capabilities of the human body, characterized by the quantity and quality of work performed in a certain time. During labor activity, it changes over time. At the same time, they distinguish three main phases successive states of a person in the process of labor activity: the phase of increasing ability; phase of high stable performance; declining phase.

Important elements of labor efficiency improvement are:

1) improvement of skills and abilities as a result of labor training, as this increases muscle strength and endurance, increases the accuracy and speed of working movements, and physiological functions recover faster after work is completed;

2) the correct location and layout of the workplace, ensuring a comfortable posture and freedom of labor movements, the use of equipment that meets the requirements of ergonomics and engineering psychology, which ensures the most efficient work process, reduces fatigue and prevents the risk of occupational diseases.

The optimal posture of a person in the course of work ensures high efficiency and labor productivity, and an incorrect posture leads to static fatigue, a decrease in the quality and speed of work performed, and a decrease in response to danger.

When organizing the production process, it is necessary to take into account anthropometric and psychophysical features of a person, its capabilities in relation to the magnitude of effort, pace and rhythm of operations performed, as well as anatomical and physiological differences between men and women.

Periodic alternation of work and rest promotes high performance stability. In production, two forms of alternation of work and rest are distinguished: the introduction of a lunch break in the middle of the working day and the introduction of short-term regulated breaks, and the optimal duration of the lunch break is set taking into account the distance from workplaces of sanitary facilities, canteens and food distribution points. The elements of a rational regime of work and rest are industrial gymnastics and a set of measures for psychophysiological unloading.

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