Instructions for labor protection when loading and unloading various goods using cranes

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions for labor protection when loading and unloading various goods using cranes

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

1.1. General safety requirements are set out in the instructions "General safety requirements for labor protection for workers employed in logging operations".

1.2. A slinger (hook) admitted to independent work must:

have an idea about the structure of the crane it serves and know its load capacity;
be able to select the slings and other lifting devices necessary for work, depending on the weight and nature of the cargo being transported;
be able to determine the suitability of slings and other removable load-handling devices and containers;
be able to properly tie and hang the load on the crane;
know the norms for filling containers;
know the procedure for exchanging signals with the crane operator;
know the order and dimensions of warehousing of goods;
know the procedure for the safe operation of self-propelled jib cranes near power lines;
know the location of the switch that supplies voltage to the main trolley wires or the flexible cable of the electric crane and be able to disconnect the crane from the network;
know the technological conditions of loading and securing cargo.

1.3. All loading and unloading workers must wear safety helmets. Clothing should fit snugly to the body, fasten with all buttons and have no hanging parts.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the slinger must:

select lifting devices corresponding to the weight and nature of the load, select slings taking into account the number of branches, such a length that the angle between the branches does not exceed 90 °;
check the serviceability of lifting devices and containers, their weight and load capacity;
prepare racks, linings, distribute at the place of loading;
inspect loading racks, hanging bridges, tools and other devices;
to slow down the rolling stock only with brake shoes or cut-in sleepers;
open the doors of freight cars, holding on to the handrails and being behind their canvas, because possible loss of cargo from the wagon;
close the doors of the cars should be two, holding only the handrails.

In case of detection of malfunctions or inconsistency of the devices with the nature of the loading operations, report to the person responsible for the performance of the work.

2.2. The slinger is prohibited from:

unload materials (except for bulk materials) through the hatches of the wagon, the hatches of covered wagons must be closed before loading;
throwing loads while loading them into wagons is dangerous for those working inside.

2.3. Simultaneous mechanized loading or unloading of adjacent linked platforms or gondola cars is prohibited.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. When tying (hooking) the load, the slinger must:

tying and hitching loads in accordance with the schemes of slinging of goods, slinging of rarely lifted loads, for which schemes for their slinging have not been developed, should be carried out under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe movement of goods by cranes;
check the weight of the cargo to be moved according to the list or markings on the cargo. If the slinger is not able to determine the weight of the load, then he must find it out from the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving the load with cranes;
when tying the load, ropes and chains should be superimposed on the main array (frame, frame; body, bed) without knots and scrolls; special linings should be placed under the ribs of the goods to protect the slings from damage;
tie the load in such a way that during its movement the fall of its individual parts (logs, boards, metal bars, etc.) is excluded and the stable position of the load is ensured during movement; for this, slinging of long loads must be carried out at least in 2 places. To tie a bundle of timber with two slings at the same distance from the ends, the angle between the branches is not more than 90 °;
the hooking of reinforced concrete and concrete products, as well as other goods equipped with loops, eyebolts, trunnions, should be carried out for all the loops and trunnions provided for this;
when using two-horned hooks, put the slings on both horns of the hook;
the ends of multi-branch slings not used for hooking should not touch when moving for oncoming objects;
make sure that the load intended for lifting is not hooked, littered or frozen to the ground;
check whether there are foreign objects, loose parts, tools on the load or inside it, for example, in a pipe.

3.2. When tying and hitching cargo, the slinger is prohibited from:

connect links of disparate chains with bolts or wire;
tie ropes;
use devices for tying and hitching loads that are not provided for by slinging schemes (crowbars, pins, etc.);
to hook pallets with bricks without a fence (it is only allowed when loading bricks on a car and unloading it on the ground);
hook on concrete and reinforced concrete products that do not have markings, as well as on damaged hinges;
carry out loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods in case of non-compliance of containers with the requirements of normative and technical documentation, container malfunction, as well as in the absence of marking and warning labels on it;
tie, hang the load on a hook at a distance of 30 m from the outermost wire of the power line without a work permit and without the presence of a responsible person, whose name is indicated in the work permit;
hammer the hook of the sling into the mounting loops of reinforced concrete products or other goods;
adjust the branches of the slings in the hook area with hammer blows or other objects;
direct the slings with hammer blows, scrap on the load being lifted;
use ladders when tying large wall blocks and other high loads (in these cases, portable platforms should be used);
use the grab for lifting people or loads suspended by slings from the jaws of the grab (except for lightweight ones in the form of a single log, etc.), as well as for other work for which the grab is not intended.

3.3. When lifting and moving the load, the slinger must:

before each operation for lifting and moving the load, give an appropriate signal to the crane operator. When moving a crane along railway tracks, use the signals installed on the railway;
make sure that there are no people in the areas of lifting, moving and releasing the load, get out of the danger zone yourself;
if the mass of the load is close to the lifting capacity of the crane, give a signal about lifting by 200-300 mm, check the correctness of the slinging, the stability of the crane, the operation of the brakes. After that, give a signal to rise to the required height. If it is necessary to correct the slinging, lower the load;
lifting when removing the load from the foundation bolts should be carried out at the lowest speed, without distortions and jamming;
before lifting the load by self-propelled boom clans, check the compliance of the boom outreach with the lifted mass of the load;
before giving a signal for the horizontal movement of the load, make sure that the load is raised 0,5 m above the objects encountered on the way;
to prevent the reversal of long and bulky loads during their lifting and moving, use special braces;
when loading and unloading trolleys, gondola cars, platforms, to avoid arbitrary movement, strengthen them;
the lifting of bulk and small-piece cargoes should be carried out in a special container filled not more than the norm.

3.4. When lifting and moving, the slinger is prohibited from:

to be or allow people to be under the lifted load, on the path of movement of the load, under the boom of the loading hook, near the traction cables, between the loading hook and the rolling stock, on the crane tracks, in the movement zone, in the zone of its possible fall and in the places of its lowering;
be on a railway platform, in a gondola car, etc. when loading or unloading them with grabs or magnetic cranes.

3.5. When operating self-propelled jib cranes, the slinger must make sure that the crane jib or rope is not dangerously close to the power line.

3.6. If it is necessary to carry a flexible cable that feeds a mobile crane, the slinger must warn the crane operator not to turn or overtake the crane at this time.

In case of malfunctions of the crane, crane runways, people in dangerous areas noticed during operation, give a signal to stop lifting, moving the load.

3.7. Before lowering the load, the slinger must:

inspect the place of installation of the load and make sure that it is impossible for it to fall, tip over, slip;
if necessary, place strong spacers at the place of installation of the load for the convenience of removing the slings;
remove the slings from the load or hook after the load is securely installed;
unhook the slings when the rope is sufficiently loosened, the hook clip is lowered, at the end of the movement of individual parts of the load in the bundle.

3.8. When lowering the load, the slinger is prohibited from:

be in the lowering zone, allow other persons to enter;
while lowering and stacking the load, guide it with your hands while standing on the rolling stock;
install cargo on temporary ceilings, pipes, cables and other places not intended for stowage of cargo.

3.9. During breaks in work, it is forbidden to leave the load, the grab in a raised position or on an inclined surface from which they can break under their own weight.

3.10. Slingers are prohibited from independently repairing, cleaning, lubricating the crane mechanisms, as well as turning on the knife switch.

4. Safety requirements in an emergency

4.1. If individual parts of the load (pipes, metal bars, etc.) fall during lifting or moving, give a "stop" signal. It is not allowed to correct the strapping of the cargo, to hold the cargo in the air with the help of any objects or devices.

4.2. If it is necessary to urgently stop the movement of the load or the crane, immediately de-energize the crane by turning off the switch that supplies voltage to the main trolley wires or the flexible cable of the crane.

4.3. If the crane or the crane track malfunctions, stop work, notify the crane operator and the person responsible for the safe performance of work or the work manager.

4.4. Dangerous stacks should be dismantled in the presence of the work supervisor.

4.5. In the event of situations that threaten with an accident or an accident that are not provided for in this manual, immediately contact the foreman or other immediate supervisor of the work.

4.6. The victim or bystander must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident.

4.7. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Such assistance is provided immediately, directly at the scene and in the following sequence: first you need to eliminate the energy source of injury (switch off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the whip, etc.).

Assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person (in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound, if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; in case of open fractures, first bandage the wound and then apply a splint; in case of burns, apply a dry bandage, in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues).

After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.

If spinal injury is suspected, transport the victim only in the supine position on a rigid base.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Clean slings or other lifting devices, inspect and evaluate their condition.

5.2. Hand over defective slings or load-handling devices to the master and get new ones in return.

5.3. It is forbidden to leave faulty slings and other lifting devices at the workplace.

5.4. Remove fallen timber or other cargo from the crane’s movement dimensions, from the road and from other working loading and unloading places.

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