Multi-level indicator for the locator. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Multi-level indicator for the locator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Indicators, detectors

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This article describes some improvements of the IPK-01 locator. The multi-level indicator allows you to increase the convenience of working with the device, and the battery discharge protection device prevents premature battery failure. The applied circuit solutions can be used in other equipment.

The IPK-01 locator is very convenient - it has small dimensions, is easy to maintain, but, unlike, for example, "Abris", it does not have line resistance control and is not protected from deep battery discharge, which in the field results in a significant drawback. The proposed devices were used to refine it, but they can also be used in any other devices where it is necessary to control a parameter (resistance, voltage, etc.) with a low degree of accuracy. A device for warning and shutting down the device when the battery is deeply discharged can also be used.

The scheme of the multilevel indicator is shown in fig. one.

(click to enlarge)

The indicator allows you to control the parameter of interest at nine control points, regardless of the distribution law of the parameter. The measured voltage is fed to the input of the device "Uin". At a minimum voltage (up to the first threshold) at the input of the element DD9.2 there is a low level. A high level from the output of DD9.2 is fed to pin 1 of the element DD9.1. At the other inputs of DD9.1, this is also a high level, which leads to a high level at the output of DD9.1, the opening of the transistor VT9 and the glow of the HL9 LED.

Upon reaching the first threshold level, which is set by the divider R8R17, a high level appears at all inputs of the DD8.1 element. Transistor VT8 opens, LED HL8 starts to burn. At the same time, through the inverter DD8.2, a low level enters the lower input of the DD9.1 element according to the circuit, due to which a low level appears at its output, the transistor VT9 closes and the HL9 LED goes out.

Similar processes occur when the voltage reaches other levels. So, when, for example, the eighth level is reached through the DD2.2 inverter, a low level is applied to the inputs of all lower (according to the circuit) elements AND, which leads to the closing of the transistors.

The device controls the voltage at the input, therefore, to control another parameter, it is necessary to convert it to voltage. In particular, in the trace finder, the resistance was controlled using the input stage, assembled according to the circuit in Fig. 2.

Multi-level indicator for the locator

It should be noted that the measured voltage is highly dependent on the supply voltage, so the measuring circuit is powered by a stabilized voltage from the output of the stabilizer DA1 (see Fig. 1). The resistor Rb is necessary to protect the source in case of an accidental short circuit of the measuring electrodes. Resistor Rsh is required when the measuring electrodes are switched off.

Since the extreme values of resistance are modes in which the tracer cannot work, the signals "L1" and "L2" were taken from the collectors of the output transistors to supply the signaling and protection device, the circuit of which is shown in Fig. 3. It consists of signaling stages on the elements of the DD2 microcircuit and the transistor VT3, a sound emitter HA1, a control unit on the elements of the DD1 microcircuit and an on/off unit on the transistors VT1, VT2 and relay K1.

(click to enlarge)

When power is applied (turning on the standard toggle switch of the device), a voltage appears on pins 1 and 6 of connector X1, which, as capacitor C5 charges, is supplied to pins 2 and 5 of the connector. The connector is specially soldered symmetrically so that there are no questions about the correct connection, and two contacts are better than one in this case. The capacitance of the capacitor C5 is chosen large so that the on / off unit can work. The relay blocks resistor R1.1 with its contacts K20, the device goes into operating mode.

If during operation the supply voltage drops to a dangerous level (deep discharge), the level at the input of element DD1.3 will become low. A high level from the output of DD1.3 will open the transistor VT1, the transistor VT2 will close and the relay K1 will release. The device shuts down, protecting the battery from a dangerous deep discharge mode. The voltage at which the protection is triggered is set by a tuned resistor R2. In the described device, this voltage is chosen equal to 11V

But before the protection works, disconnecting the device from the power source, a little earlier, at 11,5 V, the alarm device assembled on the elements DD1.4 and DD2.1 -DD2.4 is activated. A decrease in the supply voltage below 11,5 V is perceived by the DD1.4 element as a low level at the input, which leads to a high level at the output. A two-tone generator is launched, assembled on the elements DD2.1-DD2.4. The load of the generator is a cascade on the transistor VT3 and the emitter HA1.

The appearance of a low level at any of the inputs of the DD1.2 element, which corresponds to the opening of the transistors VT1 or VT9 of a multi-level indicator (both modes do not allow measurements), leads to a low level at the lower input of the DD1.4 element according to the circuit and the alarm device is triggered.

Emitter HA1 - ZP-1 or any similar one that suits the sound volume. Relay K1 - reed switch RES42. It can be replaced with any, but it should be remembered that the current consumed by the relay is an additional load on the source.

To establish a multi-level indicator, it is necessary to apply a variable voltage to its input (for example, from a divider) and simultaneously control its value with a voltmeter. All tuning resistors R10-R18 (see Fig. 1) are set to the lower (according to the diagram) position. The first threshold voltage is applied. By rotating the engine of the resistor R17, the HL8 LED is ignited. After that, a second threshold voltage is applied. Resistor R16 similarly achieves the opening of the next stage. Repeat this procedure for the rest of the stages. Of particular importance is the resistor R18. If an additional level is needed between the first threshold and zero, it is set with resistor R18.

The protection device is set up in the same way. By rotating the engines of the tuning resistors R2 and R12, they achieve the operation of the corresponding cascades.

Author: G.Sauridi, Ryazan

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