Free technical library

Labor safety instructions for tractor drivers. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

 Comments on the article

Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training, have a certificate for the right to operate a particular machine issued by a qualification commission, and have also completed an introductory briefing on safety precautions in the workplace are allowed to work independently on tractors. Safety training in the workplace must be carried out whenever working conditions change, but at least twice a year.

1.2. Before starting work, the tractor driver must carefully inspect the machine and make sure it is in good working order.

1.3. It is prohibited to go to work if there are any malfunctions of the machine: the tractor has a malfunction of the engine, steering and chassis, clutch, braking device, control clutch; fuel tanks, fuel lines and carburetors (fuel leakage), tow hitch, as well as in the absence of wings (shields) on wheeled tractors.

1.4. Each tractor must be assigned by order (instruction) to a specific driver.

1.5. It is forbidden to start work on an unsecured machine or on a machine assigned to another operator.

1.6. When using machines, visibility of the working area from the driver's workplace must be ensured. In the event that the driver operating the machine does not have sufficient visibility or does not see the worker giving him signals, two-way radio communication must be established between the driver and the working signalman.

1.7. Persons working on construction and road machines must be provided with special clothing required by current standards: cotton overalls, combined mittens.

In winter, drivers must additionally have: a cotton jacket with an insulated lining, cotton trousers with an insulated lining

1.8. For safe operation in the dark, the machines must be equipped with serviceable lamps (headlights).

1.9. All trailed machines to a tractor (tractor) must be equipped with rigid couplings that prevent the possibility of trailed machines running into the tractor (tractor).

1.10. It is forbidden to lubricate and fasten parts, refuel, adjust and clean the tractor and trailers from dirt during operation.

1.11. When repairing the engine, it is prohibited to carry out any repair work under tractors and trailed machines.

1.12. Opening the radiator cap of an uncooled engine must be done with gloves or using ends and rags.

1.13. When opening the radiator cap, keep your face away from the radiator filler neck and be on the windward side. Care must also be taken when draining hot water from the radiator.

1.14. Do not adjust the fan belt tension or perform any repairs while the engine is running.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the tractor driver must familiarize himself with the work area: the terrain, find out and establish the location of the supplied communications, power lines.

2.2. If there are utility lines and structures within the radius of the work, the work must be carried out under the guidance of engineers. All supplied structures (cables, pipelines, wells) that impede the work must be pre-marked with special signs.

2.3. Before starting the engine, you must:

a) make sure that there are no foreign objects on the rotating parts of the engine, box

b) make sure that the gearshift lever is in the neutral position;

c) Wipe dry all exterior parts of the machine that have been contaminated with gasoline or oil to avoid possible ignition.

2.4. When starting the tractor engine, all fingers of the hand must be located on one side of the starting handle. It is forbidden to take the starting handle in a girth.

2.5. It is forbidden to start an overheated engine in order to avoid kickback from a premature flash (due to self-ignition of the working mixture).

2.6. It is forbidden to use an open flame to heat the engine when starting it, and also to operate the bulldozer if there is a leak in the fuel or oil system. Oil heating is allowed only in special oil heaters.

2.7. When refueling, do not smoke, light matches or use other types of open flames. Do not open metal containers with flammable liquids by hitting metal objects on the cork, in order to avoid the possibility of igniting the fuel.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. During work, the tractor driver must:

• move around the construction site and carry out work only in places indicated by the foreman or foreman and strictly follow the marking signs, deviation of which may lead to an accident;
• before starting to move, as well as before turning, make sure that there are no obstacles or foreign objects in the way, and then give a warning signal;
• When several bulldozers are operating simultaneously, following each other, the distance between them must be at least 5 m.

3.2. During work it is forbidden:

• transfer control to another person or transport people in the cab of a bulldozer, except for persons who are undergoing practice;
• sit and stand on the frame and other parts of the machine;
• remove tree roots, stones and other objects from under the bulldozer blade with your hands;
• stand near the wheels of the machine or the tracks of the tractor;
• leave the car with the engine running;
• Clean the bulldozer blade from adhering soil only after stopping the unit and do this with a shovel or scraper, but not with your feet or hands.

3.3. When coupling the tractor with trailed machines, it is necessary to use first gear and the lowest engine speed. Closely monitor the worker coupling the machines; Avoid sudden jerks and be ready to stop the tractor at the first signal. The hitch may only be attached when the tractor is stopped.

3.4. When starting, turning and stopping the machine, the tractor driver is obliged to give warning signals to the workers on the trailed machines.

3.5. It is prohibited to move from the tractor to trailed machines and back while driving.

3.6. It is prohibited to turn on the speed (start moving) if there are people between the tractor and the trailed machine.

3.7. The working area of ​​the machine in the dark must be lit. Norm of illumination in accordance with the rules for the design of electric lighting of construction sites.

3.8. When using machines in the modes established by the operational documentation, the levels of noise, vibration, dust, gas contamination should not exceed the values ​​established by GOST 12.1003-83, GOST 12.1012-78.

3.9. If it is necessary to use machines in extreme conditions (cutting soil on a slope, clearing rubble), you should use machines equipped with protective equipment that prevent workers from being exposed to hazardous production factors that arise in these conditions.

3.10. Maintenance and current repairs of the machine should be carried out in equipped rooms or sites. For maintenance and repair under operating conditions, the machine must be removed from the working area.

3.11. Workplaces for the maintenance and current repair of machines must be equipped with a set of efficient manual machines (tools), devices, inventory, lifting machines and fire extinguishing equipment.

3.12. When maintaining electrically driven machines, measures must be taken to prevent accidental supply of voltage to the equipment being repaired (starting devices are locked and prohibiting safety signs are posted on them: “Do not turn on - people are working!”).

3.13. When driving downhill, be sure to engage first gear. When changing gears, be sure to brake the tractor. When driving uphill, changing gears is prohibited.

3.14. It is prohibited to move the tractor across steep slopes, the angle of inclination of which exceeds 30°.

3.15. Before leaving the tractor, you must place the gear shift lever in neutral and apply the brake.

3.16. When passing tractors in the opposite direction, it is necessary to maintain a distance between machines of at least 2 m.

3.17. It is not allowed to operate tractors without guarding moving parts (drive belt, drive shaft articulated joint, power take-off shaft, etc.).

3.18. During the operation of construction and road machines in the face, the driver must:

a) perform work and move around the construction site only in the places indicated by the work manufacturer or foreman, and strictly adhere to the markers, deviation from which may lead to an accident;

b) before starting to move, as well as before turning, make sure that there are no obstacles or foreign objects on the tracks or wheels in the path, and then give a warning signal.

3.19. If there are underground structures and communications within the radius of the work being performed, the work must be carried out under the direct supervision of a foreman or work performer. All underground structures (cables, pipelines, wells, etc.) that impede the work must be previously marked with poles with appropriate inscriptions.

3.20. If underground communications and structures are discovered at the development site that are not provided for by the work project, the driver is obliged to immediately stop work and notify the foreman or the work contractor.

3.21. At night, the place of work should be lit.

3.22. Simultaneous operation of two tractors with trailed machines is allowed if the distance between the units is at least 20 m. The interval between tractors is allowed 8-10 m.

3.23. During work it is forbidden:

a) transfer control of the machine to another person;

b) leave the car with the engine running;

c) transport people in the tractor cabin, except for those undergoing practical training;

d) sit and stand on the frame and other parts of the machines;

e) remove tree roots, stones and other objects from under the working parts of the machine by hand;

f) stand near the wheels of the machine or the tracks of the tractor;

g) unhook the machine from the tractor until the machine comes to a complete stop.

3.24. In winter, to protect the cabin windows from freezing, they should be wiped with a mixture of salt and glycerin.

3.25. In the absence of a cab, the driver must have goggles that protect the eyes from dust; in the hot season, an umbrella must be installed to protect against sunlight.

3.26. A tractor driver working with trailed machines and attachments on a tractor should not make sharp turns of the unit, especially when working on slopes, which can lead to the tractor sliding; it is also prohibited to turn the unit with buried working parts (bulldozer blade, ripper teeth, etc.) .

3.27. Sharp turns of the car are allowed only at the first speed; the command "stop" should be carried out immediately, no matter who gave it.

3.28. During work, the bulldozer driver must carefully monitor the condition of the working parts.

3.29. The working element should be lowered and raised smoothly, without jerking: a sharp rise or lowering of the working element can cause a rope break and lead to an accident.

3.30. When driving the machine on an incline, it is necessary to ensure that the working element does not go too deep into the ground.

3.31. If large stones or other obstacles are found in the developed soils, it is necessary to stop the unit and remove anything from its path that could cause an accident.

3.32. When constructing high embankments, in order to avoid the unit sliding or tipping over, the distance from the edge of the tractor tracks or wheels of a trailed machine to the edge of the embankment must be at least 1 m. High embankments must be poured higher along the edges than along the axis.

3.33. When moving the unit near trenches, pits, as well as during backfilling work, it is necessary to take into account the collapse prism. The distance from the edge of the tracks or wheels to the edge of the excavation must be at least 1 m.

3.34. It is necessary to ensure that there are no people behind trailed vehicles, as stones or clods of earth can fly out from under the wheels, which can injure people.

3.35. It is allowed to clean the working part of the machine from adhering earth only after stopping the unit and always with a shovel or scraper, but not with your feet or hands.

3.36. It is forbidden to work on machines without a functioning signaling device.

3.37. When operating machines with rope control, it is necessary:

a) carefully inspect the ropes daily (splicing steel ropes in knots or twists is prohibited);

b) systematically check and adjust the operation of the friction clutches and brakes of the winch; should be adjusted with the working element lowered;

c) inspect the place where the rope is fixed on the winch drum;

d) prevent overheating of the friction drums and brake bands of the winch.

3.38. When operating machines with a hydraulic control system, it is necessary:

a) monitor the serviceability of the safety valve, which serves to bypass part of the oil from the distributor to the tank;

b) carefully tighten the connections of flexible hoses to avoid oil leakage during operation;

c) in case of rupture of flexible hoses, turn off the pump and stop the tractor.

It is forbidden to adjust the valve “by eye”, as over-tightening it can lead to an accident.

3.39. During blasting operations, machines must be placed at a safe distance; The machines return to the place of work only after the all clear signal.

3.40. When working in populated areas, the machine operating area must be fenced.

3.41. When the excavator is operating, other machines must not be placed within the radius of the excavator boom.

3.42. Work in the security zone of a power line can only be carried out with the permission of the organization in charge of the power line, and under the guidance of the work manufacturer or foreman.

3.43. When operating machines in the winter season, in addition to strictly following factory instructions, you must:

a) before starting the machine, in order to avoid breaking track links or breaking final drives, free the tracks from ice;

b) when parking machines for a long time without work, install the tracks on wooden boards or straw mats;

c) start the machines only after warming up the engine with hot water or steam;

d) make sure (by careful testing) that there is no

control of frozen parts (especially friction and brake bands); Having found frozen parts, they should be warmed up and dirt and ice removed;

e) check the pressure and temperature of oil, fuel and water using instrument readings;

e) do not allow gear changes when moving through deep snow to avoid stopping the machine and slipping the tracks;

g) turn the machine when moving through deep snow smoothly with the largest radius possible, without stopping the movement of the tracks; when turning, it is necessary to turn off the side clutch and slightly slow down the track;

h) move to the ice at reduced speeds, starting smoothly, without slipping; turns are allowed to be made with great caution, having first reduced the speed.

3.44. The thickness of the ice at the crossing should be in accordance with the weight of the machine (unit) and the air temperature according to the data in table. 1.

Table 1

3.45. The thickness of the ice must be checked in advance by clearing the crossing of snow. If the strength of the ice is questionable, its load-carrying capacity is strengthened with a knurl or boards. The flooring must be twice as wide as the vehicle being transported and must be frozen. Direct access from the shore onto the ice is permitted only if the ice near the shore has no cracks and ends up on the shore.

3.46. When the machine is stopped, all working bodies must be lowered to the ground.

3.47. When a bulldozer operator works to fill trenches and pits, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people in them.

3.48. When dumping soil down a slope, in order to prevent the machine from sliding down, it is prohibited to extend the blade beyond the edge of the slope.

3.49. It is not recommended to use a bulldozer on inclines above 15-20° and on descents above 30°.

3.50. It is allowed to tow or pull out stuck machines and mechanisms with a bulldozer using a rigid tug, without jerking, under the guidance of the work foreman or foreman. If a steel rope is used instead of a rigid tug, the rear window of the bulldozer cab must be covered with a secure grill or strong mesh, since if the steel rope breaks, it can cause injury to the bulldozer operator.

3.51. It is not allowed to operate a bulldozer without guarding moving parts (pivot joints of the drive shaft, power take-off shaft, drive belt).

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If power cables, pipelines, explosive or other unknown objects not specified by the manager are found in the face, the operation of the excavator should be immediately stopped until permission is received from the relevant supervisory authorities.

4.2. If the soil subsides or slides, the driver should stop working, drive away from this place to a safe distance and report the incident to the work manager.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. The driver of a road construction machine must:

a) place the car in the place designated for parking, turn off the engine and apply the brake;

b) check the technical condition of the machine; report major malfunctions to the local mechanic so that they can be eliminated by the repair team, and minor malfunctions must be eliminated yourself;

c) in the winter season, drain the water, place the oil in a clean container and close it tightly with a stopper;

d) clean the machine from dirt and soil, tighten bolted connections, lubricate rubbing parts;

e) make an entry in the shift log about the technical condition of the machine and the measures taken to eliminate malfunctions.

6. Additional safety requirements

Safety requirements for drivers when transporting machines on a trailer or under their own power

6.1. Vehicles may be transported under their own power only if they are in full working order after a thorough inspection.

6.2. It is allowed to cross railway tracks only at first speed on solid flooring and in places designated for crossing. It is prohibited to change speed when crossing railway tracks. When approaching a railway crossing, you must follow the warning signs.

6.3. It is allowed to cross railway tracks only at first speed on solid flooring and in places designated for crossing. It is prohibited to change speed when crossing railway tracks. When approaching a railway crossing, you must follow the warning signs.

6.4. It is allowed to cross the bridge only at the first speed.

6.5. Transporting vehicles on a trailer or transporting them under their own power across bridges whose maximum permissible load is not specified is possible only with the agreement of the organization in charge of the bridge.

6.6. In case of a forced stop on the road, the car should be fenced: during the day - with red flags, at night - with red lanterns.

6.7. All work related to the transportation of machines is performed by a team of riggers.

6.8. During transportation, the rigging team includes the driver of the tractor. The driver of the tractor is responsible for the safe movement of the road train and in his work is guided by the rules of the control gear and safety regulations for motor vehicles.

6.9. Cars can be transported during icy conditions, as well as under other unfavorable conditions, only under the guidance of a work foreman or a foreman. During icy conditions or on steep climbs, an additional car or tractor is used to hold or help tow the trailer.

6.10. Only the work foreman or the foreman at whose disposal the machines are allowed to allow the transport of machines under their own power outside the construction site.

6.11. Vehicles can be transported at night only if the tractor has a rear brake light and headlights to illuminate the path.

6.12. While the road train is moving, sharp turns, overtaking moving vehicles and exceeding the permitted speed are prohibited. The trailer must be coupled to the tractor using a rigid tug.

6.13. Transportation of machines under high-voltage power lines is permitted only under the supervision of an engineer and technical worker, provided that the vertical distance between the highest point of the machine and the nearest wire is not less than that indicated in the table. 2.

Table 2

If it is impossible to maintain the distances indicated in the table. 2, during travel the power line must be switched off (de-energized).

6.14. It is prohibited to transport the bulldozer under its own power (with the blade raised) across steep slopes, as this can lead to the bulldozer sliding and even overturning.

6.15. To transport vehicles on a trailer or railway platform, it is necessary to roll them onto the vehicle using a winch or under its own power along inclined guide bars laid on the deck. For a trailer, they should be installed at the rear end. The beams must be strong enough, securely fastened and laid correctly.

6.16. The entrance should be arranged in the form of sleeper flooring with a slope of no more than 15°. The flooring must be well stapled.

6.17. When loading and unloading machines, you must ensure that:

a) the tractor and trailer were set on the brakes, and there were chocks under the wheels;

b) the loading area has been cleared and freed from any foreign objects;

c) there was no power line above the place of loading;

d) the place of loading was illuminated;

e) cars;

f) there were no unauthorized persons in the loading area of ​​the vehicles.

6.18. Only the driver or a person with the appropriate certificate should operate machines during loading (unloading). In this case, the driver is obliged to follow the instructions of the rigging foreman, if they do not contradict the safety rules and the conditions for the correct operation of the machines.

6.19. The machine loaded onto a trailer or platform must be firmly supported with stops and wire with a diameter of at least 6 mm.

 We recommend interesting articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection:

▪ Packing machine operator. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Work on a milling machine. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Operation and repair of intershop and shop oxygen pipelines. Standard instruction on labor protection

See other articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive Evaluation Board STEVAL-IDB009V1 06.08.2020 The new STEVAL-IDB009V1 evaluation board is designed to develop BLE applications with the BlueNRG-248 system-on-a-chip manufactured by STMicroelectronics. The BlueNRG-248 chip is Bluetooth 5.0 certified and can act as a central or peripheral BLE device. Simultaneous master/slave operation is also supported. The chip has increased throughput due to the function of increased packet length. The BlueNRG-248 chip contains 256 kB FLASH and 24 kB RAM for the BLE stack and user application. The STEVAL-IDB009V1 board has an LSM6DS3 motion sensor (accelerometer + gyroscope) and an LPS25HB pressure and temperature sensor on board. Interaction with the user is carried out using buttons and LEDs. Virtual COM-port via USB allows you to display debug information on a PC. The board can be powered in three ways - only from USB, only from a battery, or from an external power supply plus USB. The board works with an external antenna (included in the kit) connected via an SMA connector. The presence of connectors for boards in Arduino format allows you to use a large number of expansion boards with STEVAL-IDB009V1. To work with the board, you can download the STSW-BLUENRG1-DK package from the manufacturer's website, which includes a graphical Windows shell for loading and running applications through the menu system, as well as various ready-made code examples for traditional development using the IDE. STSW-BLUENRG1-DK software features: Software package for BlueNRG-1/2 BLE chips; PC application BlueNRG-1/2 Navigator; BlueNRG-1/2 radio initialization settings wizard; BLE stack in the form of a library with a set of APIs; Examples of demo applications with low power consumption; Peripheral drivers and related examples; Patented RF data transfer driver without BLE with examples; BlueNRG-1 and BlueNRG-2 SDK and HAL drivers; CMSIS files for BlueNRG-1/2.

Other interesting news:

▪ New TOSHIBA DVD Recorders

▪ Gene therapy will build muscle without exercise

▪ Meizu 10 mAh power bank with fast charging technology

▪ Boys to the left, girls to the right

▪ Carbon emissions turned to stone

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Clocks, timers, relays, load switches. Article selection

▪ article Holography. History of invention and production

▪ article How long has weaving existed? Detailed answer

▪ article Aralia heart-shaped. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Electronose warmer for the treatment of the common cold. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Universal Cube. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024