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Carbon emissions turned to stone

16.06.2016

Scientists and engineers from Columbia University (USA) used the example of the Hellisheidi power plant in Iceland for the first time to show that carbon dioxide emissions can be quickly mineralized in months. This achievement will help solve the problem of safe storage of greenhouse gases. The details are published in the journal Science, the results are summarized on the website of Columbia University.

Hellisheidi is the largest geothermal power plant in the world, located in Iceland, powered by hot springs of volcanic origin. Hellisheidi supplies electricity to the capital Reykjavik and the country's industry. At the same time, the process of generating electricity is not very environmentally friendly, resulting in waste in the form of volcanic gases, including carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

As part of the Carbfix pilot project, which started in 2012 at Hellisheidi, the gases were mixed with water and injected into the basalt rock beneath the power plant. In nature, this mixture in basalt sets off a series of chemical reactions that precipitate carbon as a chalk-like mineral. This is where the idea to apply this process to CO2 storage came from. According to calculations, under natural conditions, the process of deposition takes hundreds and thousands of years.

It turned out that it can be accelerated. In the basalts below Hellisheidi, 95% of the injected carbon solidified in less than two years. "This means that we can pump a large enough amount of CO2 into the depths and bury it quickly in a very reliable way," co-author Martin Stute, a hydrologist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (USA), was quoted by the Columbia University press service. In the future, we will be able to use this method in power plants in places where there are large deposits of basalt." And there are many such places on Earth, almost the entire ocean floor is composed of basalts.

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