Electronose warmer for the treatment of rhinitis. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electronics in medicine

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With a runny nose, doctors usually recommend warming up the nose and bridge of the nose with a bag of hot sand or a medical reflector. But the trouble is: you have to hold the bag all the time with your hands and periodically change the cooled sand, and the heat from the reflector warms up not only the nose area, but the whole face, and even the light from the lamp blinds the eyes. Heating pads are also inconvenient - too large. But, perhaps, the most significant drawback of all the devices mentioned is the inability to smoothly regulate the heating temperature.

An electric warmer with a thermostat, the description of which we bring to the attention of readers, is specially designed for warming up the nose and bridge of the nose. The device is powered by a step-down transformer from an AC network with a voltage of 220 V. The maximum power consumption does not exceed 30 W.

The heating temperature is regulated smoothly and does not exceed 60 °. The heating elements are metal film resistors. The thermostat is a thyristor device with pulse-phase control (Fig. 1). By changing the opening moment of the regulating thyristor V5 relative to the voltage transition on its anode through 0, we thereby change the conduction time of V5 during the voltage period rectified by diodes V1-V4. This changes the energy supplied to the heater, collected on resistors R1-R7, and hence the heating temperature.

Rice. 1. Scheme of an electric heater with a thermostat (click to enlarge)

The shaper of control pulses for the thyristor is made on the basis of an analogue of a single-junction transistor on semiconductor triodes V7, V8. From the beginning of the period, until the capacitor C3 is charged to a threshold voltage, almost equal to the voltage drop across the resistor R15, the transistors V7, V8 are closed, and the thyristor V5 is also closed.

After charging C3 to the threshold voltage, V7, V8 open, and a control pulse arrives at the control transition V5. The thyristor is unlocked and remains open until the voltage on its anode passes through 0.

The charge time of the capacitor C3 and, consequently, the time of the closed state of the thyristor V5 depends on the value of the variable resistor R9. Therefore, by turning the knob R9, you can vary the charge time of the capacitor C3 to the threshold voltage. And this leads to a change in the conduction time of the thyristor V5 and, consequently, the power supplied to the heater.

Since radio interference occurs during the operation of the switching regulator, a filter C1, L1, L2 is installed in the device, which prevents the penetration of interference into the network.

The following parts were used in the design: R9 - variable resistor SPO-0,5, R8 - constant MLT-1, the rest - VS-0,125 or MLT-0,25. Capacitors: C1 - MBM for 750 V, C2 - BM-2 for 200 V, C3 - MBM for 160 V, H1 - incandescent lamp MN 6,3 x 0,22.

Inductors L1 and L2 have B26 pot-shaped cores made of M2000NM ferrite and contain 110 turns of PEV-2 0,31 wire. They can be replaced with round ferrite rods M400NN Ø 8 mm, 25 mm long. Transformer T1 is made on the magnetic circuit Ш20Х25. Winding I contains 2500 turns of PEV-2 0,23 wire, winding II has 295 turns of PEV-2 0,67.

Diodes D242 can be replaced with KD202A, KD202V, KD202D, KD202Zh, KD202M, KD202R or D242B. Instead of KU202E, it is permissible to use thyristors KU202I, KU202L or KU202N. It is permissible to replace the MP114 transistor with MP 115, KT203A or KT203B, and KT315V with KT315A, KT315G, KT315D.

For the heater, cut out two figures from a sheet of copper 0,4-0,8 mm thick according to Figure 2 and solder OMLT-2 resistors between them. Then, connect two wires MGShV 0,75 1,5-2 m long to both conductive plates to connect the heater to the thermostat.

Rice. 2. Heater

Next, bend the figured copper strips with resistors to fit the shape of the nose, wrap with three layers of fiberglass and sheathe with a cloth. Attach ribbons or rubber band 10-30 mm wide to the corners of the heater to fix the heater on the face.

On the front panel of the thermostat, made of transparent plexiglass, sockets for connecting the heater are installed, the temperature regulator knob (R9) is displayed and a “window” is drilled for the H1 lamp. The inscriptions are made in ink on a sheet of whatman paper, which is fixed on the reverse side of the front panel.

The electronic unit was mounted on a printed circuit board made of fiberglass with a thickness of 1,5 mm (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Thermostat circuit board with parts diagram

The thermostat is assembled in a plastic case with internal dimensions of 187x82x52 mm (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. The design of the thermostat: 1 - top stand, 2 - M5x25 screw, 3 - lamp socket, 4 - housing, 5 - mounting plate, 6 - M5 nut, 7 - M6 nut, 8 - bottom stand, 9 - M3 screw.

The printed circuit board is fastened with M3 studs and stands (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Rack: a - upper, b - lower

Using the electric heater is very easy. The thermostat is connected to the network, a heater is connected to it and fixed in the nose area. Rotate the "Temperature" knob to select the desired degree of heating.

Attention! Before you start using the manufactured electric heating pad, be sure to consult a doctor.

Author: A.Rubanov

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