Features of youth labor regulation. Occupational Safety and Health

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Features of youth labor regulation. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

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Features of legal regulation youth labor (persons under the age of 18) is regulated by:

Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Art. 265-272);
sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.4.6.664-97 "Hygienic criteria for acceptable conditions and types of work for vocational training and work of adolescents"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 163 "On approval of the List of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in the performance of which the use of labor of persons under eighteen years of age is prohibited"
Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 7, 1999 No. 7 "On approval of the norms for maximum permissible loads for persons under eighteen years of age when lifting and moving weights manually."

Restrictions on the employment of workers under the age of eighteen.

The age at which the conclusion of an employment contract is allowed.

The conclusion of an employment contract is allowed with persons who have reached the age of sixteen (Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation)

To prepare young people for productive work, it is allowed to hire students from schools, vocational and secondary specialized educational institutions to perform light work that does not cause harm to health, an employment contract can be concluded from the age of 15. In their free time from studies, an employment contract can be concluded with persons who have reached the age of 14 to perform light work that does not harm their health and does not violate the learning process, with the consent of the parents, adoptive parents and the guardianship and guardianship authority.

Features of employment of persons under the age of 18 are determined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws, a collective agreement, an agreement.

Jobs where the employment of persons under 18 years of age is prohibited

Do not:

the employment of persons under 18 years of age in hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in underground work, as well as in work, the performance of which may harm their moral development (in the gambling business of night cabarets and clubs, in production, transportation and trade in alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, narcotic and toxic drugs). The list of such works is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
carrying and moving by minors of weights exceeding the limits established for them;
attraction of workers and employees under 18 years of age to work at night and overtime and to work on weekends;
employment of persons under the age of 18 without prior medical examination.

Employees under the age of 18 are subject to an annual mandatory medical examination paid for by the employer.

Limits of maximum permissible loads

The maximum permissible values of indicators of the labor process of adolescents are established by SanPiN 2.4.6.664-97 (Table 4).

Table 4. Maximum permissible values of indicators of the severity of the labor process of adolescents

Indicators of the severity of labor	Boys, years				Girls, years
Indicators of the severity of labor	14	15	16	17	14	15	16	17
Lifting and moving the load manually during the shift (kg)*: - constantly (more than 2 times per hour) - when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour)	6 12	7 15	11 20	13 24	3 4	4 5	5 7	6 8
Total mass of cargo moved during the shift (kg): - lifting from the working surface - rise from the floor	400 200	500 250	1000 500	1500 700	180 90	200 100	400 200	500 250
Periodic retention of a load on a canopy (tool parts, etc.), application of efforts during a shift (kghs): - with one hand - two hands - with the participation of the muscles of the body and legs	7000 14000 20000	9000 18000 25000	20000 40000 50000	22000 45000 60000	4000 8000 12000	5000 10000 15000	8000 16000 20000	9000 1800 25000
Work related to local muscle tension (number of movements per shift): - predominantly muscles of the hands and fingers - mainly the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle	20000 10000	20000 10000	30000 15000	30000 15000	20000 10000	20000 10000	30000 15000	30000 15000
Working posture: a) being in an uncomfortable fixed position:
- maximum duration of being in a forced position (min)	10	10	15	15	10	10	15	15
- minimum breaks between periods of being in a forced position (min)	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
- the maximum total duration of being in a forced position per shift (hour)	1	1	1,5	1,5	1	1	1,5	1,5
b) forced tilts of the body (according to visual assessment, more than 30 ° from the vertical) (number per shift)	40	40	60	60	40	40	60	60
c) movement in space (transitions due to the technological process during the shift) (km)	3	3	7	7	3	3	7	7

The nature of the work, indicators of the severity of labor	Maximum permissible weight of cargo, kg
	Boys, years				Girls, years
	14	15	16	17	14	15	16	17
Lifting and moving manually of the load constantly during the work shift	3	3	4	4	2	2	3	3
Lifting and moving cargo manually for no more than 1/3 of the work shift: - constantly (more than 2 times per hour) - when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour)	6 12	7 15	11 20	13 24	3 4	4 5	5 7	6 8
The total mass of cargo moved during the shift: - lifting from the working surface - rise from the floor	400 200	500 250	1000 500	1500 700	180 90	200 100	400 200	500 250

*Movement by teenagers should not take more than 1/3 of a working day.

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 7, 1999 No. 7 approved the "Norms for the maximum permissible loads for persons under 18 years of age when lifting and moving loads manually", containing the main indicators of the severity of labor (Table 5).

Table 5. Norms of maximum permissible loads for persons under 18 years of age when lifting and moving weights manually

The nature of the work, indicators of the severity of labor	Maximum permissible weight of cargo, kg
	Boys, years				Girls, years
	14	15	16	17	14	15	16	17
Lifting and moving manually of the load constantly during the work shift	3	3	4	4	2	2	3	3
Lifting and moving cargo manually for no more than 1/3 of the work shift: - constantly (more than 2 times per hour) - when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour)	6 12	7 15	11 20	13 24	3 4	4 5	5 7	6 8
The total mass of cargo moved during the shift: - lifting from the working surface - rise from the floor	400 200	500 250	1000 500	1500 700	180 90	200 100	400 200	500 250

Notes:

1. Lifting and moving weights within the specified norms are allowed if this is directly related to the permanent professional work being performed.

2. The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of tare and packaging.

3. When moving goods on trolleys or in containers, the force applied must not exceed:

for boys 14 years old - 12 kg, 15 years old - 15 kg, 16 years old - 20 kg, 17 years old - 24 kg;
for girls 14 years old - 4 kg, 15 years old - 5 kg, 16 years old - 7 kg, 17 years old - 8 kg.

Youth Guarantees and Compensation

For employees under the age of 18, reduced working hours are established:

aged 16 to 18 - no more than 35 hours per week;
under the age of 16 - no more than 24 hours a week.

The working hours of students of educational institutions under the age of 18 working during the academic year in their free time should not exceed half of the norms indicated above.

For employees under the age of 18, annual paid leave is set for at least 31 calendar days and can be used by them at any time of the year convenient for them.

Termination of an employment contract (contract) with employees under 18 years of age at the initiative of the employer, in addition to circumventing compliance with the general procedure for dismissal, is allowed only with the consent of the relevant State Labor Inspectorate and the commission on minors and the protection of their rights.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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