The danger of drugs. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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The danger of drugs. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Addiction among adolescents in Russia has grown over the past 10 years by 13,6 times: if in 1990 there were 5,7 cases per 100 thousand adolescents, then in 2000 77,4 cases per 100 thousand people are already registered. The highest rates in 2000 were noted in the Ulyanovsk (325,6), Irkutsk (277,3) and Novosibirsk (244,7) regions. Over the past 5 years, the death rate among drug addicts registered in drug dispensaries has increased more than 3 times, of which almost 4 times - from an overdose.

According to expert data, the actual number of drug users exceeds the statistics by 5-10 times. 70% of all drug users are teenagers and young people, the average age of initiation to drugs is 12-14 years.

The use of narcotic substances is a serious danger, contributing to the spread of HIV infection. With the increase in the number of people who inject drugs, an increasing infection of the population with HIV infection is associated.

According to the Ministry of Health, more than 90% of all newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection are registered among intravenous drug users. 3/4 of HIV-infected citizens of Russia are drug addicts. The average age of those infected is 18-25 years.

Table 3 shows the situation with HIV infection in Russia at the beginning of the new century.

In 2000 alone, 58 new cases of HIV infection were detected, which is 424 times more than in 3,2. (1999 18) and 218 times - than in the period 2 to 1987. For 1999 months of 5,5, 2001 new cases of HIV infection were registered.

Sad figures are shown by the statistics for the city of Novosibirsk (Table 4) about those registered in the drug dispensary and deregistered upon recovery.

Table 3. Comparative characteristics of HIV-infected and AIDS patients (according to data for 2001)

Number of HIV-infected				of which have AIDS
Total	Children under 14 years old	Total died	Children under 14 died	Total	Children under 14 years old	Total died	Children under 14 died
122212	1 541	1 165	120	509	135	354	91

Traditional prevention programs were apparently ineffective due to the fact that they described only the negative aspects of drug use, and drug addicts were characterized in these programs as "finished people", "criminals" and "HIV-positive". This information is in conflict with the information that a teenager receives from his peers - about the experience of using drugs by himself or his friends, school idols. The degree of trust in a peer is often higher than in a teacher, doctor or parents.

It is necessary to take into account the psychological tendencies inherent in age periods. Sixth graders receive negative information about drug addiction mainly from their parents and the media. By the 8th grade, drugs become personified, directly connected in the minds of children with friends and acquaintances who have tried them. In 10th grade, the drug often becomes a symbolic element of teenage culture.

In addition, according to the experience of the United States and other countries where the problem of youth drug addiction arose earlier, teaching methods that used intimidation tactics, focusing on complete pharmacological information, "one-hit" speakers, films, and meetings turned out to be ineffective. Therefore, such programs began to be used that create situations within the lesson that promote a healthy lifestyle and thereby prepare students to make the right decisions in real life situations.

Based on the foregoing, the main principles of these programs should be:

truthfulness;
choice;
developing a solution and the ability to say "no" in a situation of choice;
possible meetings with former drug addicts, from whom information about negative consequences would come;
explanation (discussion) of the reasons for drug use.

Table 4. Dynamics of deregistration for the recovery of children and adolescents under 17 years of age with a diagnosis of "drug addiction"

years	1999	2000	2001
Registered	472	542	468
Removed from the register for recovery	1	-	-

It should be noted that the main principle of prevention is a systematic approach, that is, the cooperation of all bodies, from schools and district psychological centers to the city administration.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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