Home wind energy: lessons from winter. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Home wind energy: lessons from winter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Those who have purchased or manufactured a wind generator have already seen the high efficiency of this device in the winter season. The wind can heat or boil water, illuminate or heat a home, power light bulbs, TVs and other equipment in the absence of mains voltage, save money (reducing or even completely canceling electricity bills).

Until now, a significant drawback of home-made wind turbines made on the basis of automobiles has been the low voltage of the current they generate.

Currently, a method has been developed for the rapid transformation of automotive generators (14 V) into mains voltage generators (~ 220 V). To do this, two (three in a 3-phase version) wires are soldered inside the generator to remove alternating current. After such refinement, the voltage generated by the generator can be transformed directly, without transistor or thyristor converters. To do this, use the transformer TS-180 (TS-180-2) from black-and-white lamp TVs of the 1st and 2nd classes ("Horizon", "Dawn", "Lotus", "Electron", "Crimea", " Tauras", "Slavutich", "Birch", "Emerald", etc.), having kinescopes with diagonals of 47, 59, 61 and 64 cm.

To connect additional wires, the generator must be disassembled. This procedure is easy to carry out directly on the WPP without removing the generator. First secure the blades (wings) securely so that they do not rotate. Unscrew the fastening of only the rear part of the generator (1 bolt), without touching the 2 bolts of the front part. Unscrew the 2 screws securing the brush holder of the excitation system and pull it out. Loosen the 4 screws securing the rear and remove it. Now you have all the stator windings of the generator in your hands, and the shaft (rotor) with the excitation coil and the entire front part remain on the windmill.

This is how most automotive alternators with a built-in diode rectifier are disassembled.

These lightweight, reliable and powerful machines have proven themselves well as electric generators for small wind farms.

Bring the removed windings into the house and solder 2 or 3 wires to the terminals of the stator windings (there are only 3 of them). Wires are best taken in textile sleeves from automotive wiring. If you can find wires with terminals at the ends - even better, then you don’t need to solder, just screw them to the appropriate threaded connections located on the rectifier diode heatsink. The third output will be needed if you want to remove all the generated current from the generator for its transformation. True, for this you will need not one, but three identical transformers with a total power equal to the power of the generator itself.

I want to draw your attention to the fact that the above modernization only makes the car generator more versatile, without interfering with the ability to generate its usual constant voltage (up to 14 V).

After the additional wires are installed, you can install the back of the generator in place - the revision is over.

The reduction for current selection from the generator is done using any suitable wires and chips. In case of installation of a transformer or transformers directly into the head of the WPP, the chips must be protected from rain. If the reduction of 220 V is single-wire, then during regeneration it is necessary to include the corresponding outputs in the network, connecting the "ground" with "zero" and the reduction itself with the "phase".

When connecting to a three-phase network, you will have to pull three wires and "ground" for a "star" connection. The consolation in this case is the possibility of using thinner wires, designed for less than 15 or more times the current. It should also be recalled that when regenerating a three-phase voltage, it is necessary to observe phase rotation.

The revision scheme and its connection to the transformer are shown in Fig.1.

Home wind energy: lessons from winter

In our case, the output "+" is connected to the output "Sh" (shunt) with a direct jumper. More often, light bulbs, a spring made of thin steel wire, a horn, a wire resistor, a mechanical or electronic relay-regulator, etc. are installed in the gap of this jumper. It is best to run the "Sh" output in parallel with the "+" output to the house in order to use the shunt elements to their advantage - for heating and lighting. By increasing the resistance of the shunt, the voltage of the generated electric current can be reduced. Especially convenient is the wiring from the "Ш" terminal during a hurricane, when it is necessary to greatly reduce the efficiency of the generator to prevent damage to it.

The low-voltage wiring can also be left for the universalization of the WPP. We know how unreliable today electric boilers are. Very simple heaters are obtained from pieces of spirals from powerful heating elements and open heaters that worked in a 220 V network and burned out. This garbage (in fact), immersed in water without insulation and hermetic shell, is able to quickly heat and even boil water for washing and washing.

Having 12 and 220 V in the house, you can use any light bulbs, charge batteries, use an electric razor and a small modern semiconductor TV in emergency situations.

It is possible to increase the power of the transformer by 2 or more times by paralleling the corresponding number of transformers of the same type. It is possible to increase the power of the TS10 by 180% by connecting in series not only the most powerful filament windings, but also (parallel to them) the windings of horizontal scanning lamps. To do this, it is necessary to replace the "dashed" coil with another one, the pin numbers of which are indicated by numbers without strokes. In order to squeeze out all the power (180 W) from the TS-180, it is necessary to rewind the entire secondary winding.

In addition to the TC-180, you can use transformers of chargers, powerful power supplies, welding machines and starting devices (using taps in the secondary windings), as well as other transformers with the characteristics necessary for such conditions.

When starting (exciting) a generator that has not been in operation for a long time, a 220 V network can be used as an exciter by connecting it to the transformer terminals in the same way as during recuperation.

When using the current generated by the generator for heating, I recommend making ultra-efficient heaters.

A person spends about a third of his life in a dream, in bed (especially in winter).

Remember stove benches, because these are real folk economizers! If you stretch a piece of nichrome wire under the bed (designed for a power of several hundred watts at 14 V) and put 14 V through it, we get a completely modern stove bench. Think about why you need to heat the whole house, the whole bedroom, if you can, by localizing the heating, get by with a minimum of power?

Of course, the temperature (not heat!) of such a heater must be minimized by increasing the volume of nichrome or steel wire.

But what about during the day when you need to heat the whole room? The big enemy of keeping warm in the house is the convective flow of air. It is it that transfers heat from the heat generator to the ceiling, and then to cold walls, windows and doors (Fig. 2, a). If the heater is made active, combined with a centrifugal fan, then the harmful laminar flow, having met an artificially created one, will become turbulent, i.e. harmless. In this case, heat will be where it is most needed - at the bottom and heat loss will decrease sharply (Fig. 2, b).

Home wind energy: lessons from winter

During the day, heating a room with windows to the south can be done without electricity with the help of blinds ajar towards the Sun. The sun's rays, having entered the room, can no longer go outside. The disadvantage of this method is the constant need to maintain the correct angle of the blinds. However, there is nothing complicated in automating this process.

In addition to individual wind generators, a great future awaits mini-hydroelectric power plants based on diesel supercharged turbines, as well as mini-thermal power plants and thermal power plants based on steam engines. Wind power generators need supporting capacities, and without hydroelectric power plants, and especially thermal power plants, we will not be able to do without for a long time. That is why the author doubts the great prospects for the development of wind energy. And yet this is an interesting and necessary thing. After all, the wind farm does not smoke and is most efficient in winter, when electricity is most needed.

Author: Y. Bearded

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