Accidents at chemically hazardous facilities. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Accidents at chemically hazardous facilities. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The safety of the functioning of chemical enterprises depends on the physical and chemical properties of raw materials and products, the nature of the technological process, the design and reliability of equipment, storage and transportation conditions, the state of instrumentation and automation equipment, the preparedness and practical skills of personnel, and the effectiveness of emergency protection equipment.

Chemical waste leaks occur as a result of explosions and destruction of tanks and process pipelines. The most important characteristic of HOV - toxicity - the degree of toxicity, characterized by a threshold concentration, tolerance limit, lethal concentration or lethal dose.

Threshold concentration - this is the amount of a substance that can cause a negative physiological effect: only the primary signs of damage are felt, while working capacity is maintained. Portability limit - this is the maximum concentration that a person can withstand a certain time without permanent damage.

According to the degree of impact on the body, CWs are divided into four hazard classes:

1) extremely dangerous;

2) highly dangerous;

3) moderately dangerous;

4) low-risk substances.

The HOB hazard class is set according to the most stringent indicator characteristic of a given substance.

The damaging concentrations of chemical warfare are determined by their physicochemical properties:

1) state of aggregation of matter;

2) its solubility in water and organic solvents;

3) density and volatility of the substance;

4) specific heat of evaporation and heat capacity of the liquid;

5) saturated vapor pressure;

6) boiling point, etc.

Accident classification:

1. Accidents as a result of explosions causing the destruction of the technological scheme, engineering structures and the complete or partial cessation of production.

2. Accidents, as a result of which the main or auxiliary technological equipment, engineering structures are damaged and the production of products is completely or partially stopped, and more costs are required to restore production.

1) private - an accident, either not related to the release of SDYAV, or due to a minor leak of toxic substances;

2) object - an accident associated with the leakage of SDYAV from technological equipment or pipelines;

3) local - an accident associated with the destruction of a large single container or an entire warehouse of SDYAV. The cloud reaches the residential area, evacuation from the nearest residential areas and other relevant activities are carried out;

4) regional - an accident with a significant release of SDYAV;

5) global - an accident with the complete destruction of all storage facilities with SDYAV at large chemically hazardous enterprises.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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