Types of means and methods of filing distress signals. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Types of means and methods of filing distress signals. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Signaling is not as easy as it might seem. Your alarm may go unnoticed. In addition, the inability to properly signal with certain types of personnel tools can cost you your life.

All means of distress signals are divided into service and improvised (type of means), as well as sound, visual and radio signals (the principle of signal transmission). Their main goal is to indicate your exact location for subsequent evacuation and emergency assistance in the form of dropping food, medicine, weapons and ammunition from an aircraft.

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Radio distress signal (SOS). The SOS distress signal (save our souls (... - ...)) was adopted by the International Convention in Berlin on November 3, 1906, for its unhindered reception every hour for 6 minutes (from the 15th to the 18th and from the 45th to the 48th -j) on "distress frequencies" - 500 and 2182 kHz - all radio stations of the world fall silent; silence sets in on the air, so that everyone who is in trouble can freely go on the air and give a distress signal, indicating the square of their location, or give them the opportunity to find themselves. To send this radio signal, you must have an emergency radio transmitter and know the basic use of this device and Morse code.

Visual means of signaling

Pyrotechnic means of signaling:

signal rockets;
signal checkers;
signal mortars.

These alarms require certain rules of use and storage:

keep them away from you;
remember that they can shoot, treat these tools like weapons;
do not repair them in case of malfunction;
if a misfire occurs, do not use again;
hold any pyrotechnic in your outstretched hand, turning the nozzle away from you;
stay away from other people and from flammable objects, store these products in boxes that are protected from shock and precipitation, give a signal from the closest possible distance and only when there is confidence that it will be noticed;
take the utmost precautions.

signal mirror. This is a polished metal plate with a hole in the middle (5-7 mm) through which you can follow the object.

The "sunbeam" launched by your mirror is detected even from an airplane that flies at an altitude of 2 km at a distance of 2025 km from your location. The mirror is effective even at night, probably, it can be called "letting moonbeams".

Improvised signaling means

Reflectors. To indicate your location in the absence of a signal mirror, you can use a cosmetic mirror, foil, or a knife blade. The more polished the plate, the farther the light signal is visible.

Spread pieces of crumpled (this will increase the number of reflective planes) foil on the hill. Or attach the foil to a tree or a pole in a clear view area, it will rotate and give signals.

Kite. A kite can also serve you well. Make a frame out of thin boards, pull thin (preferably colored) paper over it, tie pieces of foil and bright ribbons to the tail of the snake.

Signal flags. Hang on tall trees near your camp signal "flags" - bright pieces of matter. In order for them to be visible from above, stretch these "flags" along the ground. Tie one side of the fabric to bushes growing near the reservoir, and the other to stakes driven into the bottom of the reservoir.

signal fire. If you don't have "flags", foil, pyrotechnics, or a flashlight, you can start a fire that is just as good as any other means. A bonfire located in an open area or a high hill is visible from afar. At night, a brightly burning fire is visible from a distance of 20 km when viewed from the sky, 8 km - when viewed from the ground. And even better, if there are several fires, the distance between them in this case should not exceed 20-30 m. However, for the idea to work, it is necessary to maintain a constant small fire near the fires, so you can make your "alarm" blaze in a short time.

Terrestrial code signals

In open areas, you can lay out the signals of the code table. The most banal ones are HELP and SOS. The size of one signal must be at least 3 m. Remember, the larger the signal, the higher the likelihood that it will be noticed. You can make a signal from improvised means: aircraft wreckage, life jackets, clothes, logs.

You can not lay out the signal, but "dig". To do this, remove the sod and deepen the trench. Such signals work both day and night (at night you can make a fire in the recesses). "Scatter" signals around the periphery, the more of them, the better.

Gesture code system for communicating with pilots

"There's a landing! We need help!" - hands up, palms inward, legs together.

"Landing impossible! We don't need help!" - left hand up, legs together.

"Straight" - arms raised, elbows bent, palms back. Legs shoulder width apart. Swinging the forearms back.

"Back" - hands are raised forward to shoulder level. Palms forward.

"Stop! Stop the engine" - cross your arms, the speed of this action corresponds to the degree of need to stop.

"Hang up!" - arms to the sides, palms down.

"Lower" - swaying down with straight arms, palms down.

"Higher" - swaying up with straight arms, palms up.

"Landing" - cross your arms in front of you below.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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