Russian Emergency Situations Ministry. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Russian Emergency Situations Ministry. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Russian Emergency Situations Ministry - federal governing body in the field of civil defense and protection of the population and territories from emergency situations

Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters is a federal executive body pursuing state policy and exercising control in the field of civil defense, protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, ensuring fire safety, as well as coordinating the activities of federal executive bodies in this area.

The system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia includes:

central office;
territorial bodies - regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences of natural disasters and bodies specially authorized to solve civil defense tasks and tasks for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia;
civil defense troops;
State Inspectorate for Small Boats EMERCOM of Russia;
rescue and search and rescue units, educational, research, medical, sanatorium and other institutions and organizations under the jurisdiction of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
To solve humanitarian problems outside the Russian Federation, a Russian national corps of emergency humanitarian response is created from part of the forces of the Russian Emergencies Ministry system, if necessary.
The EMERCOM of Russia carries out its activities in cooperation with federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations.

The main tasks of the EMERCOM of Russia:

development and implementation of state policy in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety, as well as the safety of people at water bodies within the competence of the ministry;
implementation, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, of measures to organize and conduct civil defense, protect the population and territories from emergencies and fires, as well as measures for emergency humanitarian response, including outside Russia;
organizing the preparation and approval in the prescribed manner of draft regulatory legal acts in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and the safety of people at water bodies;
implementation of management in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety, safety of people at water bodies, as well as management of the activities of federal executive bodies within the framework of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations;
implementation of normative regulation in order to prevent, predict and mitigate the consequences of emergencies and fires, as well as the implementation of special, permitting, supervisory and control functions on issues within the competence of the ministry;
activities for the organization and conduct of civil defense, emergency response in the event of emergencies, protection of the population and territories from emergencies and fires, ensuring the safety of people at water bodies, as well as the implementation of measures for emergency humanitarian response, including outside the Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, within its competence, carries out the following main activities:

issues regulatory legal acts on issues of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and monitors their implementation;
conducts, in accordance with the established procedure, verification of the readiness of ministries and departments for the implementation of civil defense measures;
in case of emergencies, requests, in accordance with the established procedure, from ministries and departments, subjects of the Russian Federation, information necessary to fulfill the tasks assigned to the EMERCOM of Russia;
attracts, in accordance with the established procedure, individual specialists and organizations to participate in the state examination of urban planning, pre-project and project documentation in the field of civil defense and emergency prevention;
carries out state fire supervision over compliance with fire safety requirements by ministries and departments, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, organizations, as well as officials, citizens of Russia, foreign citizens and stateless persons;
concludes, in accordance with the established procedure, with international and non-governmental organizations agreements on the elimination of the consequences of natural disasters, the provision of humanitarian assistance to foreign states, etc.

The priority areas of activity of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the nearest period are:

development and improvement in accordance with the established procedure of the regulatory legal framework for unified state supervision in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies and fire safety;
development of basic technical regulations in the field of fire safety, civil defense, prevention and elimination of emergency situations, as well as safety at water bodies;
development and improvement of the regulatory legal framework and regulatory and methodological framework in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, fire safety at the territorial, local levels and organizations in accordance with modern requirements of federal legislation;
development and improvement of a unified duty dispatch service based on the "01" telephone at the regional, territorial and local levels;
creation and development of an all-Russian integrated system of informing and alerting the population in order to ensure personal and public safety;
increasing the protection of infrastructure facilities and the population of the country critical for national security from natural and man-made threats, terrorist manifestations;
development and improvement of the decision-making system based on forecasts of territorial and regional monitoring bodies, laboratory control and forecasting of emergency situations;
implementation of a set of measures to protect the population living near potentially hazardous facilities (primarily chemically and radiation hazardous);
increasing the efficiency of work to rescue victims of road accidents, as well as ensuring the safety of people in places of mass recreation and tourism;
development and improvement of a unified system of education for all categories of the population, popularization of knowledge in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, fire safety and safety at water bodies;
increasing the provision of the population with personal protective equipment and radiation and chemical control devices;
maintaining the readiness of protective structures of civil defense;
tightening control over the fulfillment of the requirements of civil defense engineering and technical measures;
development and improvement of fire equipment, allowing to work both in megacities with high-rise buildings, and in rural areas, as well as fire extinguishing agents, systems and means of fire automation, robotics;
ensuring the implementation of primary fire safety measures within the boundaries of settlements in order to reduce the number of fires and significantly reduce the number of deaths and injuries.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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Smart bracelet will track the composition of sweat 07.02.2016

The new portable sweat analyzer can detect four types of chemicals at once and measure body temperature at the same time.

Our visit to the doctor most often begins with a blood test. No doubt, blood is an excellent indicator of the state of health, and the further, the more diseases can be recognized by the composition of various cells and molecules floating in the bloodstream.

But we have another biological fluid in which a lot of biochemical information can also be found - this is sweat. In addition to water and simple ions, it also contains complex biomolecules, up to proteins, and even now sweat analysis allows diagnosing certain diseases, finding out what substances a person has taken, choosing a convenient exercise regimen, etc. In addition, sweat has one important advantage - for it you do not need to poke something sharp into a finger or a vein. However, until now, in order to make an analysis of sweat, it had to be collected in a special container in order to then give it to a specialist.

With a new device developed by the staff of the University of California at Berkeley, everything will become faster and easier - Wei Gao (Wei Gao) and colleagues have created an electronic analyzer that can be worn on the arm like a bracelet, and which measures body temperature and the chemical composition of sweat in real time . The electronic bracelet is able to determine the amount of sodium and potassium ions, as well as glucose and lactic acid (lactate), and the received data is immediately transmitted to the smartphone.

By themselves, portable sweat analyzers are not new for a long time, but other similar devices can only monitor one substance, one molecule. If we have several sensors at once, this increases the reliability of information: for example, if the level of an ion has dropped sharply, then by other parameters you can tell exactly what the matter is: is it the ion itself, or is it that sweating has stopped, or our gadget just broke.

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