Military organization of the Russian Federation. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Military organization of the Russian Federation. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

At present, the Russian Federation is at a special stage in its historical development. The foundations of the state structure and management are being reformed in the country, the process of reassessing national values and reconciling the interests of the individual, society and the state is underway, new socio-economic ties and relations are being developed. Approaches to ensuring Russia's national security are changing. At the beginning of the XXI century. processes have emerged in the world that testify to the increasing role of military force in ensuring the political and economic interests of some states. This put on the agenda the task of rethinking the entire range of issues related to both the main aspects of international security and the principles of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. Great importance in this complex is attached to the question of the place in society and the role of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

In recent years, the military organization has come a difficult way. She, like the country as a whole, is still in the process of active reform, associated with fundamental changes in geopolitical conditions in the world and the formation of a renewed Russian state. Today, a practically new legal framework has been created to ensure their functioning and development. A number of important legislative acts have been adopted. These are the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense", the Federal Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation "On Martial Law", the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Mobilization Training and Mobilization in the Russian Federation", the Law of the Russian Federation "On State border."

The military organization includes the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (AFRF), which form its core and basis, other troops, military formations and bodies designed to perform tasks by military methods, as well as their command and control bodies. This organization also includes a part of the industrial and scientific complex of the country, which performs the tasks of ensuring military security.

The main task of the military organization is to ensure the guaranteed protection of the national interests and military security of the Russian Federation and its allies.

Russia's military organization is constantly evolving. At the present stage the main directions of its development are:

bringing the structure, composition and number of components of the military organization in line with the tasks of ensuring military security, taking into account the economic potential of the country;
raising the quality level, efficiency and safety of the functioning of the technological basis of the system of state and military administration;
improving the military-economic support of the military organization on the basis of the concentration and rational use of financial resources and material resources;
improvement of strategic planning on the principle of unity of employment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops;
improving the efficiency of the functioning of personnel training systems, military education, operational and combat training, education of military personnel, all types of support, as well as military science;
improving the recruitment system (on the basis of the contract-conscription principle with a consistent, as the necessary socio-economic conditions are created, an increase in the proportion of servicemen doing military service under the contract, primarily in the positions of junior commanders and specialists in leading combat specialties);
increasing the efficiency of the system for the operation and repair of weapons and military equipment;
improvement of special information support for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops, their command and control bodies;
strengthening the rule of law, law and order and military discipline in the troops;
implementation of state policy to strengthen the prestige of military service;
development of international military (military-political) and military-technical cooperation;
improvement of the regulatory legal framework for the construction, development and use of the military organization, as well as the system of its relations with society.

Management of the military organization of the Russian Federation

The management of the construction, preparation and use of the military organization of the state, ensuring the military security of the Russian Federation is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation, who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Government of the Russian Federation organizes the equipping of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops with weapons, military and special equipment, providing them with materiel, resources and services, exercises general management of the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation in the interests of defense, as well as other functions to ensure military security established by federal law.

Federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and bodies of local self-government exercise the powers to ensure military security vested in them by federal legislation.

Enterprises, institutions, organizations, public associations and citizens of the Russian Federation participate in ensuring military security in accordance with the procedure established by federal legislation.

Military doctrine of the Russian Federation

In 2000, the President of the Russian Federation approved the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, which determined the totality of official views on the military-political, military-strategic and military-economic foundations for ensuring the military security of the Russian Federation. This doctrine is a document of the transitional period, when the formation of a democratic statehood, a diversified economy is taking place; there are transformations in the military organization of the state, the system of international relations is being transformed. It concretizes some provisions of the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation. The content of the doctrine is based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the military-political situation in the world and a strategic forecast of its development, on a scientifically based definition of current and future goals, objective needs and real possibilities for ensuring security, as well as on a systematic analysis of the content and nature of modern wars and armed conflicts, domestic and foreign experience of military development and military art.

The military doctrine of the Russian Federation is defensive in nature, which is predetermined by the organic combination in its provisions of a consistent commitment to peace with a firm determination to protect national interests and guarantee the military security of the Russian Federation and its allies.

The legal basis of the military doctrine is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other normative legal acts, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring military security.

The Russian Federation considers ensuring its military security in the context of building a democratic rule of law, implementing the necessary socio-economic reforms, establishing the principles of equal partnership, mutually beneficial cooperation and good neighborliness in international relations, consistent formation of a common and comprehensive system of international security, maintaining and strengthening world peace.

The military security of the Russian Federation is constantly ensured by the totality of the forces, means and resources at its disposal. Russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use against it and (or) of its allies of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction, as well as in response to large-scale aggression with the use of conventional weapons in situations critical for the national security of the country. Russia will not use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, except in cases of attacks on the Russian Federation, its allies, or states with which it has treaty security obligations.

Other troops, their main tasks

Other troops are not part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, but together with them ensure the fulfillment of tasks related to the defense of the state. These troops include the border troops of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the civil defense troops of the Russian Federation.

Border Troops of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

The Border Troops are designed to protect and protect the State Border of the Russian Federation, the protection of internal sea waters, the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf of our country and natural resources.

The main tasks of the border troops:

protection and protection of the State Border of the Russian Federation in order to prevent its illegal passage, to ensure compliance with the border regime by individuals and legal entities;
protection of internal sea waters, the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf of the Russian Federation and their natural resources in order to preserve, protect and rationally use them, as well as to protect the marine environment, economic and other legitimate interests of Russia.
Structurally, the border troops are consolidated into 10 regional departments: the Arctic, North-Western, Kaliningrad, Western, North Caucasian, South-Eastern, Trans-Baikal, Far Eastern, Pacific and North-Eastern.

Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

Internal troops are designed to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.

The main tasks of the internal troops:

prevention and suppression of armed conflicts and actions directed against the integrity of the state;
disarmament of illegal formations;
compliance with the state of emergency;
strengthening the protection of public order, where necessary;
ensuring the normal functioning of all state structures and legally elected authorities;
protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

The most important task of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is joint participation with the Armed Forces of Russia in the territorial defense of the country.

The organizational changes being carried out in the Internal Troops are aimed at increasing their mobility, their ability to quickly concentrate forces and means where necessary, and to actually ensure the protection of life, health and property of citizens.

Troops of the Civil Defense of the Russian Federation

The civil defense troops are an important part of the security forces. They are designed to protect the territory of the country and its population from emergency situations of peacetime and wartime. These troops, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense", may be involved in defense using means of armed struggle. Organizationally, they are part of the EMERCOM of Russia.

The main tasks of the civil defense troops in peacetime:

accumulation, placement, storage and timely renewal of weapons, equipment, other material and technical means intended for the deployment of troops and for conducting emergency rescue and other urgent work in peacetime and wartime;
participation in measures to prevent emergency situations;
training of forces and means for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations;
education of the population in ways of protection in emergency situations;
conducting radiation, chemical and bacteriological (biological) reconnaissance in emergency zones, as well as on routes of advance to them;
conducting emergency rescue and other urgent work on the operational localization and elimination of natural and man-made emergencies on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on the territories of foreign states with which Russia has relevant agreements;
carrying out works on sanitary treatment of the population, special treatment of equipment and property, disinfection of buildings, structures and territories;
carrying out pyrotechnic works related to the neutralization of aerial bombs and land mines;
participation in the localization and elimination of large forest and peat fires;
ensuring the safety of goods transported to emergency zones as humanitarian aid;
participation in providing the affected population with food, water, basic necessities, temporary housing and other means and services, providing them with first aid;
participation in activities for the evacuation of the population, material and cultural values from emergency zones;
participation in carrying out work on the restoration of life-support facilities for the population.

The main tasks of the civil defense troops in wartime:

conducting radiation, chemical and bacteriological (biological) reconnaissance in the foci of damage, zones of contamination (contamination) and catastrophic flooding, as well as on the routes of advance to them;
carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work in the foci of damage, areas of pollution (contamination) and catastrophic flooding;
carrying out works on sanitary treatment of the population, special treatment of equipment and property, disinfection of buildings, structures and territories;
ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into the centers of destruction, zones of pollution (contamination) and catastrophic flooding;
participation in activities for the evacuation of the population, material and cultural values from the centers of destruction, zones of pollution (contamination) and catastrophic flooding;
carrying out pyrotechnic works related to the neutralization of aerial bombs and land mines;
participation in the restoration of life-support facilities for the population and the performance of territorial defense tasks related to the restoration of airfields, roads, crossings and other important elements of the rear infrastructure.

Civil defense troops organizationally consist of formations, military units and organizations, which include emergency rescue, engineering, mechanized, fire, medical, pyrotechnic and other units. In accordance with the Geneva Conventions, they do not participate in hostilities, therefore they are armed with rescue equipment and light small arms.

Civil defense formations and units are located in those regions where there is a high probability of natural and man-made emergencies. Features of the regions are taken into account in their structure and composition. If the region is seismically hazardous, it has more mechanized units; if it is prone to flooding, pontoon crossing forces and means prevail in it; if there are many radiation or chemically hazardous production facilities, units that have more radiation and chemical protection units are placed next to them.

In the coming years, the following measures for the further development of civil defense forces:

reduction of the regular number of civil defense troops to optimal limits;
reorganization of individual rescue brigades, individual mechanized regiments and individual mechanized battalions into rescue centers with a high degree of mobility;
creation of the State Rescue Service on the basis of the State Fire Service, civil defense troops and rescue organizations that are part of the EMERCOM of Russia system.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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