Traumatic and harmful factors. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Traumatic and harmful factors. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Traumatic and harmful factors production environment are typical for most modern industries.

physical factors are:

1) dust content in the air of the working area during the processing of bulk materials, in the areas of knockout and cleaning of castings;

2) vibrations (general, local) that operate in the area of vibration platforms, in vehicles, as well as in vibratory tools;

3) acoustic vibrations (infrasound, noise, ultrasound) near vibration platforms, powerful internal combustion engines and other high-energy systems, as well as near shock-type technological equipment, etc.;

4) static electricity in areas near DC electrical equipment, spray painting areas, synthetic materials;

5) electromagnetic field and radiation (infrared radiation, laser radiation, ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation) in areas near power lines, high-frequency drying and induction drying installations, electric lamp generators; in the areas of laser action, reflected laser radiation; in areas of welding and plasma treatment; in areas of radiation sources used in devices, etc.;

6) electric current in the areas of the electrical network, electrical installations, distributors, transformers, equipment with electrical wires, etc.;

7) moving machines, mechanisms, materials, products, parts of collapsing structures and other things in the areas of ground transport, conveyors, pipelines, etc.;

8) height, falling objects in the areas of construction and installation works;

9) sharp fragments and edges in the area of cutting and piercing materials and tools, metal chips, fragments of brittle materials;

10) increased or decreased temperatures of the surfaces of equipment and materials in various installations in case of leakage;

11) gas contamination of the working area in case of leakage of toxic gases and vapors from non-hermetic equipment, etc.;

12) dustiness of the working area during welding and plasma processing of materials containing chromium and manganese or their transportation.

К chemical factors include the ingress of poisons on the skin and mucous membranes in galvanic production, when filling containers, spraying liquids; as well as the ingestion of poisons into the gastrointestinal tract in cases of errors in the use of fluids or deliberate action.

К biological factors include cutting fluids used in the processing of materials using emulsols.

Psychophysical factors occur in the form of physical overloads (static, dynamic) during prolonged work with displays, work in an uncomfortable position or lifting them, transfer of gravity, manual labor and in the form of neuropsychic overloads (mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of work and emotional overloads), which found in scientists, operators of technical systems, air traffic controllers, as well as observers of production processes and creative workers.

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