Rules of conduct and actions of the population in the territory subject to radioactive contamination. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

Rules of conduct and actions of the population in the territory subject to radioactive contamination. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Directory / Basics of safe life

Comments on the article

Obviously, from shelters, and even more so from anti-radiation or simple shelters that find themselves in a dangerous zone (with a radiation level of more than 240 rad / h) radioactive contamination, the population will be evacuated to uncontaminated or slightly infected areas. This is caused by the fact that a long (for several days) stay of people in protective structures is associated with serious physical and psychological stress. In this case, it will be necessary to board transport quickly and in an orderly manner in order to be less exposed to radiation.

The presence of people in areas contaminated with radioactive substances outside shelters (shelters), despite the use of personal protective equipment, is associated with the possibility of dangerous exposure and, as a consequence, the development of radiation sickness. In order to prevent the severe consequences of exposure and reduce the manifestation of radiation sickness, in all cases of staying in contaminated areas, it is necessary to carry out medical prophylaxis of injuries by ionizing radiation.

Most of the available anti-radiation drugs are introduced into the body in such a way that they have time to get into all cells and tissues before possible human exposure. The time of taking drugs is set depending on the method of their introduction into the body: tablet drugs, for example, are taken 30-40 minutes before, drugs administered by intramuscular injection, 5 minutes before the start of possible exposure. It is also recommended to use drugs in cases where a person has already been exposed to radiation. Anti-radiation drugs are available in special kits designed for individual use.

In order to reduce the possibility of exposure to radioactive substances on the territory of the lesion (in the zones of contamination), it is forbidden to eat, drink and smoke.

Eating outside shelters (shelters) is allowed in areas with a radiation level of not more than 5 rad / h. In areas with higher levels of radiation, meals should be taken in shelters or in decontaminated areas of the area. Cooking should be carried out in an uncontaminated area or, as a last resort, in an area where the radiation level does not exceed 1 rad/h.

The direction of movement from the focus of the lesion should be chosen taking into account the signs of the fence placed by civil defense intelligence - in the direction of reducing the level of radiation. When moving through the contaminated area, one should try not to raise dust, in rainy weather avoid puddles and try not to raise splashes.

After leaving the focus of nuclear damage (zone of radioactive contamination), it is necessary to carry out partial decontamination and sanitization as soon as possible, i.e. remove radioactive dust: during decontamination - from clothing, footwear, personal protective equipment, during sanitization - from open areas of the body and mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth.

In case of partial decontamination, you should carefully take off your clothes (do not take off your respiratory protection equipment!), stand with your back to the wind (to avoid getting radioactive dust during further actions) and shake it out; then hang the clothes on a crossbar or rope and, also standing with your back to the wind, sweep the dust from top to bottom with a brush or broom. Clothes can be knocked out, for example, with a stick. After that, shoes should be decontaminated: wipe with rags and rags moistened with water, clean with a broom or brush, rubber shoes can be washed.

The gas mask is deactivated in the following sequence. The filter-absorbing box is removed from the bag, the bag is thoroughly shaken out. Then, with a swab dipped in soapy water, a washing solution or liquid from an anti-chemical bag, the filter-absorbing box, the connecting tube and the outer surface of the helmet-mask (mask) are treated. After that, the gas mask is removed.

Anti-dust fabric masks are thoroughly shaken out when decontaminated, brushed, rinsed if possible or washed in water. Infected cotton-gauze dressings are destroyed (burned).

With partial sanitization, exposed areas of the body, primarily the hands, face and neck, as well as the eyes, are washed with uncontaminated water, the nose, mouth and throat are rinsed. It is important that contaminated water does not get into the eyes, mouth and nose. With a lack of water, treatment is carried out by repeatedly rubbing body parts with gauze swabs (cotton wool, tow, rags) moistened with uncontaminated water. Wiping should be carried out in one direction (from top to bottom), each time turning the swab over to the clean side.

Since one-time partial decontamination and sanitization do not always guarantee the complete removal of radioactive dust, dosimetric control is mandatory after they are carried out. If at the same time it turns out that the contamination of clothing and body is above the permissible norm, partial decontamination and sanitization are repeated. In necessary cases, complete sanitization is carried out.

In winter, uncontaminated snow can be used to partially decontaminate clothing, footwear, protective equipment, and even partially sanitize. In summer, sanitization can be organized in a river or other flowing body of water.

Timely partial decontamination and sanitization can completely prevent or significantly reduce the degree of human exposure to radioactive substances.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ Acoustic vibrations

▪ Military symbols and rituals

▪ Finding your own location

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Film protection for smartphones 11.11.2013

Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) have developed a new way to obtain these films using atomic layer deposition technology.

This is not about the fragile film that can seal a bag of cookies, but about a high-end barrier film that protects, for example, a phone's OLED display from exposure to oxygen or hydrogen vapor. The production of such a film requires materials with high performance characteristics - metal oxides. Existing methods for manufacturing this high-performance protection are imperfect. Due to the manufacturing process, the films often have small imperfections, which allow water or oxygen to enter through tiny holes.

Samuel Graham and his colleagues at the Georgia Institute of Technology have been studying how atomic layer deposition technology can be used to improve the quality of protective films. As a result, scientists have created new films that can protect electronics even under extreme conditions - for example, when immersed in salt water for several months. By creating such protective films, it is possible to significantly extend the service life and reliability of electronic devices. Such a coating is proposed to be used for implantable biomedical devices, light emitting diodes, displays, solar cells and organic electrochromic windows, which change the degree of light transmission when voltage is applied.

High performance barrier films are usually made using a sputtering method or a plasma chemical deposition method. In these methods, the material is either "sputtered" onto a substrate or grown from a plasma, creating a thin layer that becomes a film. And although these methods are widely used in industry, they often lead to defects, therefore several coatings are required to create a high-quality protective barrier.

With atomic layer deposition technology, researchers can precisely control the process, down to the molecular level. This allows you to create the thinnest films with minimal defects. During the manufacturing process, researchers surround the substrate with a gas containing metal atoms, in particular aluminum. Gas molecules settle on the substrate, forming a single layer of atoms. The excess gas is then removed from the chamber and another gas is introduced into it, which creates a metal oxide that is impermeable to air and water. This process is repeated to achieve the desired film thickness, which can be as low as 10 nm.

For comparison, films produced by traditional methods are tens and hundreds of times thicker.

Other interesting news:

▪ Fast walking can help you live longer

▪ Thread - 8500 years

▪ Single EU Cell Phone Charger

▪ Magnetic soap removes oil slicks

▪ Soldering without heating

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Art video. Article selection

▪ Article Investments. Crib

▪ article What do St. Bernards wear around their necks? Detailed answer

▪ Flood article. Tourist tips

▪ article Pointer frequency meter - capacitance meter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Experience with unstable equilibrium. physical experiment

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews