Civil defense at an industrial facility. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Civil defense at an industrial facility. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Civil defense at an industrial facility (hereinafter - at the facility) is organized to protect the personnel of the facility and the population living near it from natural, man-made and military emergencies.

Protection is provided by a set of measures to prevent or reduce the consequences of natural hazards, accidents, disasters, to minimize the effects of weapons of mass destruction, to create favorable conditions for the operation of the facility, living and activities of the population.

The main tasks of civil defense at the facility are:

1) protection of the personnel of the facility and the population from emergencies;

2) increasing the stability of the operation of the facility in emergency situations;

3) carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work in the foci of damage and areas of catastrophic flooding.

The tasks of the civil defense of the object are solved by carrying out a complex of organizational, engineering, technological, economic and environmental measures.

Organizational activities provide for the development and planning of actions for the management, command and command staff of the civil defense department, services and formations of civil defense to protect the personnel of the facility, conduct rescue and other urgent work, restore production, as well as to release products on the remaining equipment.

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense - this is a set of measures carried out by engineering and technical methods and means and aimed at preventing or reducing possible losses and destruction, increasing the stability of the facility in emergency situations, and successfully carrying out rescue and other urgent work in the lesion.

Technological events provide for an increase in the stability of the operation of the facility through such changes in technological processes that would help ensure uninterrupted output of products, and would also exclude the occurrence of secondary damage factors.

Economic activities provide for such an approach to the implementation of the entire range of works that would ensure their efficiency with minimal capital costs.

Environmental activities represent a continuation of the complex of works in this direction, which should be carried out by each facility in order to minimize the harmful effects of the products of the technological cycle on the environment and workplaces of working personnel.

The volume and procedure for the development and implementation of the measures under consideration are regulated by the "Design Standards for Engineering and Technical Measures of Civil Defense (ITM GO)" and other regulatory documents on the organization and conduct of civil defense at an industrial facility. The introduction of the Norms is entrusted to the civil defense system of the facility and, in particular, to the head of the civil defense department.

The organization of the protection of the personnel of the facility and the population from emergencies is entrusted to the civil defense system of the facility.

Head of civil defense facility is its leader. It is subordinate to the department (ministry, branch), and operationally - to the head of civil defense of the city (district, prefecture) in whose territory the object is located.

At large industrial facilities, as a rule, a full-time deputy head of civil defense, which in peacetime is the main organizer of all preparatory activities for civil defense.

In addition to the full-time deputy, by order of the head of civil defense, deputies are appointed for the dispersal and evacuation of the personnel of the facility and members of their families, the engineering and technical part; logistics, etc. Unlike a full-time deputy, they are not released from their duties.

Deputy Chief of Civil Defense for the dispersal and evacuation of personnel a deputy head of the facility for general issues is usually appointed. Being, as a rule, the chairman of the evacuation commission, he develops a plan for the dispersal of working personnel and their families, organizes the preparation of places in the countryside, the transportation of people there, as well as the delivery of work shifts to the place of work, and manages the public order service.

Deputy Head of Civil Defense for Engineering and Technical Part the chief engineer of the enterprise is appointed. He directly manages the services (emergency technical, fire fighting, shelters and shelters), and also provides technical management of emergency rescue and other urgent work.

Deputy Head of Civil Defense for Logistics a deputy (assistant) to the head of the facility on these issues is appointed. He is in charge of the logistics department.

At all objects, as a rule, are created departments for civil defense affairs (hereinafter - civil defense departments)which are completed from officials. The number of full-time employees of the department is determined by the department in charge of the facility. The civil defense department is the governing body of the head of the civil defense facility.

The civil defense department of a large facility includes Head of Department and alternates (assistant) for the operational-intelligence unit, combat training, residential sector. It may include various specialists and representatives of public organizations. At small facilities, civil defense departments are staffed by full-time employees and officials released from their main duties.

The position of the head of the civil defense department of the facility is usually provided for in the staffing of the enterprise. Being the first deputy head of the civil defense facility, the head of the department has the right to issue orders and instructions on his behalf. It organizes stable management and a reliable warning system, reconnaissance, current and long-term planning, combat training of formation personnel, and monitors the implementation of all civil defense activities.

To solve the tasks assigned to civil defense, the following objects are created at facilities that have an appropriate base: Service: warning and communications, public order protection, fire fighting, medical, emergency technical, shelters and shelters, energy and blackout, radiation and chemical protection, logistics, transport, etc.

Alert and Communication Service is created on the basis of a communication center headed by its chief. Its tasks are notification of an emergency - transmission of a civil defense signal and messages about emergencies, maintaining communications in constant readiness, eliminating accidents in networks and communication facilities, etc.

Public Order Service created on the basis of departmental security units headed by its chief. It is entrusted with ensuring reliable protection of the facility, maintaining public order in the event of an emergency and during the A&DNR, monitoring the blackout regime.

Shelter and Shelter Service organized on the basis of the capital construction department and the housing and communal department. This service is developing a plan for placing the personnel of the facility in protective structures, organizing construction, ensuring the readiness of shelters and monitoring the correct operation of them, and participates in rescue operations.

Radiation and Chemical Protection Service (RCHZ) is created on the basis of chemical and central factory laboratories. It takes measures to protect the personnel of the facility, water supply sources, catering facilities, food warehouses from radioactive and toxic substances, organizes and prepares formations and institutions of radiation and chemical protection, monitors the state of personal and collective protective equipment and special equipment, organizes posts of radiation and chemical monitoring (RCN) and performs dosimetric control over exposure and contamination of personnel, takes measures to eliminate radioactive and chemical contamination.

Fire service organized on the basis of divisions of the departmental fire service. It develops fire-fighting measures and monitors their implementation, localizes and extinguishes fires, assists the RCP service in decontamination and degassing of contaminated sites.

Emergency technical service organized on the basis of production and technical departments. It develops and carries out preventive measures that increase the stability of the main structures, special engineering networks and communications, urgent work to localize and eliminate accidents, remove rubble and save people.

Medical service organized on the basis of medical units of medical units and polyclinics. It ensures the constant readiness of medical units, draws up and carries out sanitary-hygienic and preventive measures, provides medical assistance to the victims and evacuates them to medical institutions, and provides medical care to families working in their places of dispersal.

Transport Service created on the basis of transport departments and garage departments. It develops and implements measures to ensure transportation related to the evacuation of workers and employees and their delivery to the place of work: organizes the delivery of forces and means to the focus of destruction for the transportation of workers, employees, evacuation of the injured, as well as for other purposes of civil defense.

Logistics Service organized on the basis of the department of material and technical supply of the object. The tasks of this service are the development of a logistics plan, the timely provision of formations with all types of equipment, the organization of the repair of equipment and various property, its delivery to the work sites, storage and accounting, the provision of food and essentials for personnel at the facility and in places of dispersal.

Power supply and blackout service created on the basis of the department of the chief power engineer. The head of the service is the main power engineer of the facility. The service develops measures to ensure the uninterrupted supply of gas, fuel and electricity to the facility, equips vulnerable areas of energy networks with various types of systems and means of protection and urgent emergency recovery work on them, plans blackout and priority restoration work.

Depending on the specifics of the object and the availability of a base, other services can be created, for example, the protection of food and water, animals, etc.

The number of services at the facility is determined by its head of civil defense.

Civil defense services are not created at small facilities, their tasks and functions are performed by the departments of this facility (individuals), who manage the created formations of civil defense (teams, links, posts).

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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