Biological emergencies. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Biological emergencies. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Zone biological contamination name the territory within which infection is possible. Biological emergencies include epidemics, epizootics and epiphytoties. The causative agents of infectious diseases are pathogenic (pathogenic) microorganisms (or their toxins - poisons).

Epidemic - the widespread spread of an infectious disease among people, significantly exceeding the incidence rate usually recorded in a given territory.

Pandemic - an unusually large spread of morbidity both in terms of level and scale of distribution, covering a number of countries, entire continents and even the entire globe.

Among many epidemiological classifications, the classification based on the mechanism of transmission of the pathogen is widely used.

Infectious diseases are classified according to the type of pathogen - viral diseases, rickettsiosis, bacterial infections, protozoal diseases, helominthiases, tropical mycoses, diseases of the blood system.

Epizootics. Infectious animal diseases are a group of diseases that have such common features as the presence of a specific pathogen, the cyclical nature of development, the ability to be transmitted from an infected animal to a healthy one and to take epizootic spread.

Epiphytoty. To assess the scale of plant diseases, concepts such as epiphytoty and panphytoty are used.

Epiphytoty - the spread of infectious diseases over large areas over a certain period of time.

panphytotia - mass diseases covering several countries or continents.

Preventive measures against the spread of infectious diseases are a set of anti-epidemic and sanitary-hygienic measures, early detection of patients and those suspected of the disease by going around the houses, strengthening medical supervision of the infected, their isolation or hospitalization, sanitization of people and disinfection of premises, terrain, transport, disinfection of food waste, sewage, sanitary supervision of the mode of operation of life support enterprises, sanitary and educational work. Epidemiological well-being is ensured by the joint efforts of health authorities, the sanitary-epidemiological service and the population.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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