Forest and peat fires, their consequences. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

Forest and peat fires, their consequences. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Of the many emergencies, the most numerous and frequently recurring are forest fires, which account for up to 70% of all emergencies.

Under forest fire understand the uncontrolled burning of vegetation, spontaneously spreading through the forest area.

Fires that cover vast areas of forests for a short period of time are called massive.

Underground, or peat, fire - a fire that occurs in a peat layer located at a depth of several tens of centimeters to tens of meters.

Classification of forest and peat fires

By the nature of the distribution of forest fires can be:

1) grassroots;

2) riding;

3) underground (peat).

Ground fire - a forest fire spreading through the lower tier of forest vegetation. Ground fires are the most frequent, accounting for about 80% of all forest fires.

horse fire covers the upper canopy of the forest. The conductor of combustion with it are the needles, leaves and branches of the crown of trees. A crown fire spreads quickly if there are dried, pest-damaged trees. Mounted fires most often occur with winds in the anticyclone area - with clear, dry and sunny weather, in a zone with vertically ascending air currents.

According to the speed of advancement of the burning strip, as well as the height of the flame, top and bottom fires are divided into weak, medium and strong.

Underground (peat) fires occur on peaty soils. In such a fire, a peat horizon burns with the roots of growing trees, which then fall. They are dangerous due to their unexpected bursts of fire from the underground hearth and the fact that their edge (burning strip) is not always noticeable and there is a danger of falling into burnt peat. Signs of an underground fire are hot ground and smoke coming from the soil.

Causes and possible consequences

In 80-90% of cases, the culprit of fires is a person, his negligence when using fire in the forest during work or leisure. Forest fires can also be caused by lightning strikes (lightning strikes tall trees).

The primary damaging factors of forest fires are fire, high air temperature, poisonous gases formed during combustion, tree collapse and extensive smoke zones.

A forest fire can cause secondary damaging factors. Large forest fires near cities lead to the cessation of aircraft flights, block traffic on roads and railways, and cause a sharp deterioration in the environmental situation.

Prevention of forest and peat fires

During the fire season in the forest it is prohibited:

1) throw burning matches and cigarette butts;

2) to use wads made of flammable materials when hunting;

3) leave rags oiled or soaked in gasoline in the forest;

4) refuel fuel tanks with running motor vehicle engines;

5) leave bottles or pieces of glass;

6) make fires in places with dry grass;

7) burn grass under trees, in clearings, stubble in clearings or in fields near the forest.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ Hygienic standards for the content of chemicals in food

▪ Civil defense at an industrial facility

▪ Blizzard, blizzard

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Digital camera in lighter housing 29.12.2003

Digital Dream has released a "spy accessory" - a JB1 digital camera that fits inside a Zippo lighter.

The difference between the JB1 digital camera, which contains a camera, a camcorder, a webcam, a voice recorder and a storage medium, is that it is placed ... in a case from a Zippo lighter. The device can take pictures without the participation of the operator, photographing the surrounding objects at specified intervals.

Thus, the camera can be left in a place of "operational interest" and then receive a digital chronicle of the events that took place. An additional convenience for covert shooting is provided by the design of the camera, which provides for instantaneous operation when the lighter cover is opened.

The JB1 camera can save up to 150 pictures at 640x480 resolution. The JB1 recorder records up to 12 minutes of speech. Data is transferred to a computer via the USB interface.

Other interesting news:

▪ Metal liquid alloys with drawings

▪ potato starch

▪ New IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver CC2520 for ZigBee Networks

▪ Robot with hooves

▪ eMMC flash modules

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Normative documentation on labor protection. Article selection

▪ article Psychology. Crib

▪ article How did the rules of basketball change in North Korea? Detailed answer

▪ article head of department. Job description