Military service by conscription and its features. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Military service by conscription and its features. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Military service is a special type of federal civil service. It consists in the daily performance of military duties by citizens. Military service in Russia has always been considered an honorable duty, a sacred duty, of exceptional importance and necessity.

The main task of military service is constant purposeful preparation for armed defense or armed defense of the territory of the Russian Federation.

Military service has a number of significant differences compared to other types of public service.

Citizens doing military service are subject to increased requirements for health, educational level, moral and psychological qualities and the level of physical fitness.

One of the features of military service is the mandatory adoption of a military oath by every citizen. Citizens take a military oath of allegiance to their homeland - the Russian Federation.

A distinctive feature of military service is a high degree of obligation and responsibility for the performance by each serviceman of his official duties.

For violations committed in the performance of official duties or evasion of their performance, military personnel are subject to stricter measures of influence than for similar violations against citizens in public service.

The procedure for passing military service is determined by the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service", the Regulations on the Procedure for Passing Military Service.

Conscripted military personnel may be sent (including as part of a subunit, military unit, formation) to perform tasks in armed conflicts (to participate in hostilities) in peacetime exclusively on a voluntary basis and only if the term their military service is at least 6 months.

The beginning of the military service for citizens called up for military service, the day of departure from the military commissariat of the subject of the Russian Federation to the place of service is considered.

From that moment on, the citizen acquires the status of a serviceman.

Upon arrival at the and after completing basic military training, the soldier is sworn in as a military officer. The duration of initial military training does not exceed two months.

Before bringing a soldier to military oath he cannot be involved in the performance of combat missions (to participate in hostilities, combat duty, combat service, guard duty), weapons and military equipment cannot be assigned to him, and a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest cannot be imposed on him.

Soldiers and sailors who arrived at the military unit from military commissariats for replenishment, after passing the corresponding program and mastering the basic duties of a soldier (sailor), the meaning of the military oath, battle flag, military unit and military discipline, but no later than 2 months later, are brought to military oath.

Internal service designed to maintain internal order and military discipline in the military unit. It is organized in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Organization of conscription for military service. Grounds and procedure for granting deferrals and benefits to conscripts

The conscription of citizens for military service is carried out 2 times a year:

1) spring call - with 1 April by 30 June;

2) autumn call - from 1 October by 31 December.

Conscription for military service is organized on the basis of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

Citizens living in remote areas of the Far North are called up for military service with 1 May by 30 June. Those living in rural areas and directly employed in sowing and harvesting work are called up for military service with 15 October by 31 December. Citizens who are teaching staff of educational institutions are called up for military service with 1 May by 30 June.

Male citizens aged 18 to 27 years who are or are required to be registered in the military and are not in the reserve are called up. The call is carried out by the recruiting committee.

According to the medical examination, citizens who were found fit for military service with minor restrictions, not sent for service:

1) to the airborne troops;

2) marines;

3) floating composition of the Navy.

The professional selection group, by the time a citizen is called to the draft board, based on the results of processing all the information about his individual psychological qualities and abilities, general educational and professional suitability, sends the recruit to military service according to some established class similar military posts:

1) command;

2) operator;

3) driver's;

4) technological.

When deciding on exemption from conscription for military service, the draft commission by the Federal Law "On conscription and military service".

Citizens are exempted from conscription for military service:

1) recognized as unfit (category D) or partially fit for military service (category B) for health reasons;

2) those who are or have completed military service in the Russian Federation;

3) passing and having passed alternative civil service;

4) who have completed military service in another state;

5) having the academic degree of Candidate of Science and Doctor of Science;

6) in case of death (death) of the father, mother, brother, sister in connection with the performance of military service duties by them.

Postponement (Article 24 of the Federal Law "On military duty and military service"):

1) citizens recognized as temporarily unfit for military service (category G) are granted a deferment from conscription for 6 or 12 months for examination (treatment);

2) citizens recognized as limited fit for military service (category B) are enlisted in the Reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and are subject to periodic (once every 3 years) examination until they reach the age of 27, and those recognized as unfit for military service (category D ) are excluded from military registration.

The following are eligible for a deferment:

1) employed in their specialty immediately after graduating from educational institutions of higher professional education on a full-time basis in state organizations, the list of which is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation;

2) having a higher pedagogical education and permanently working in pedagogical positions;

3) permanently working as doctors in rural areas - for the duration of this work.

Military ranks of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military uniform

Each serviceman performs military service in a certain military position, which corresponds to a military rank. Each soldier is assigned a corresponding military rank.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops of military formations, the composition of military personnel and their corresponding military ranks have been established. The list of compositions and military ranks of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service".

Military uniforms and insignia are established for servicemen.

Military uniform and insignia for military ranks of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The insignia for the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, branches of service and services, as well as the rules for wearing military uniforms and insignia are determined by the Ministry of Defense.

At present, the rules for wearing military uniforms are determined by order of the Minister of Defense No. 210 of March 28, 1997.

"On the rules for wearing military uniforms of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation". The military uniform of servicemen is subdivided into full dress, everyday and field, and each of these forms, in addition, is subdivided into summer and winter. When military personnel perform specific tasks, it is envisaged to wear special (flight technical, insulated, etc.) clothing.

Table 1. List of compositions and military ranks of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The uniform is announced daily or for the period of specific events by the commanders (chiefs) of military units (ships).

Conscripted military personnel wear military uniforms:

1) front door - when taking the Military oath; upon presentation of the military unit of the Battle Banner; upon appointment to the guard of honor; during the annual holidays of the military unit; when serving as sentries for the protection of the Battle Banner;

2) field - in exercises, maneuvers, combat duty and in classes at training centers;

3) everyday - in all other cases.

For example, consider the summer dress uniform for conscripted military personnel.

The full dress uniform for building and out of order (except for the Airborne Forces) consists of:

1) woolen khaki caps;

2) a khaki woolen tunic;

3) straight-cut wool trousers in khaki;

4) khaki shirts;

5) a tie of a protective color with a golden clip;

6) a black belt - with a uniform for the formation;

7) black boots.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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