Natural emergencies. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Natural emergencies. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Natural emergencies threaten the inhabitants of our planet since the beginning of civilization. The amount of damage depends on the intensity of natural disasters, the level of development of society and living conditions.

Natural emergencies have been on the rise in recent years. Volcanoes are becoming more active (Kamchatka), earthquakes are becoming more frequent (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuriles, Transbaikalia, the North Caucasus), and their destructive power is increasing. Floods become almost regular, landslides along rivers and in mountainous areas are not uncommon. Ice, snowdrifts, storms, hurricanes and tornadoes occur in Russia every year.

Natural emergencies are divided into:

1) geological;

2) meteorological;

3) hydrological;

4) natural fires;

5) biological;

6) space.

All natural emergencies are subject to some general patterns:

1) for each type of emergency, a certain spatial confinement is characteristic;

2) the greater the intensity (power) of a dangerous natural phenomenon, the less often it happens;

3) each natural disaster is preceded by some specific signs (harbingers);

4) with all the unexpectedness of a particular natural emergency, its manifestation can be predicted;

5) in many cases, passive and active protective measures against natural hazards can be provided.

At present, the scale of the use of natural resources has increased significantly, as a result, the features of the global environmental crisis have become tangible. Compliance with the natural balance is the most important preventive factor, taking into account which will reduce the number of natural emergencies.

There is a mutual connection between all natural disasters. The closest relationship is between earthquakes and tsunamis. Earthquakes cause fires, gas explosions, dam breaks.

When planning protective measures against natural disasters, it is necessary to limit secondary consequences and ways of appropriate preparation as much as possible, and try to completely eliminate them.

Any part of the earth's surface can be exposed to a natural disaster, i.e., a certain risk. A simple equation has been deduced, with the help of which you can understand what this risk depends on: Risk \uXNUMXd f (Pa, Pb, Pcb, C),

where f is a factor that is different for different kinds of catastrophes; Pa is the probability of catastrophes calculated from the number of previous catastrophes; Pb is the probability of occurrence of qualitatively destructive processes during catastrophes; Pcb - external conditions (population density, nature of buildings, social and political relations); C - consequences of catastrophes.

A prerequisite for successful protection against natural emergencies is the study of their causes and mechanisms.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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