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Superconductor without limits

10.03.2023

Scientists have developed a material that exhibits superconducting properties at normal temperature and relatively low pressure.

Engineers from the University of Rochester have unveiled a new material, nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride. It exhibits superconducting properties at a temperature of 20,5 °C and a pressure of 10 kbar. The development opens up a wide range of practical applications for such materials, from loss reduction in power plants to maglev and efficient electronics.

In most cases, superconductivity, a property in which a material has zero resistance, requires temperatures close to absolute zero and extremely high pressures to occur. Researchers have already used hydrides, created by combining rare earth metals with hydrogen, as high-temperature superconductors. But they also require a pressure of several Mbar to work, which makes the practical application of materials difficult.

Rare earth hydrides form framework structures in which rare earth metal ions act as carrier donors, providing sufficient electrons to enhance the dissociation of hydrogen molecules. Nitrogen and carbon help stabilize materials, the scientists explain. In their study, they used Lutetium as the basis.

The researchers created a gas mixture of 99% hydrogen and 1% nitrogen and placed it in a reaction chamber with a pure lutetium sample. As a result of the reaction, which lasted for several days at a temperature of 200 C, the researchers obtained a powder of bluish light. After that, the material was compressed in a cell with a diamond anvil.

As the pressure changed, the researchers found two possible states of the material, from a superconducting "pink" at relatively low pressure to a scarlet non-superconducting metallic state. At the same time, experiments showed that a pressure of 10 kbar was sufficient to induce superconductivity at normal temperature.

Although this pressure is significantly greater than atmospheric pressure, technologies used, for example, in the manufacture of microcircuits, use higher pressure. This opens up opportunities for the practical application of superconductors in various fields.

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