Types of simple shelters. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Types of simple shelters. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Accommodation without a tent

Shelter in summer. Sometimes it is necessary to stop for an unforeseen halt or overnight, quickly set up a bivouac shelter. In this case, it is often necessary to use only improvised materials that replace the usual tent. At night, shift duty is organized at such a bivouac (especially in cool weather). The duties of the attendants include maintaining the fire, drying things, boiling water, making sure that all the sleepers, especially those lying on the edges, are well covered.

The simplest shelter in the summer, to some extent replacing a tent, is a piece of rubberized nylon, thin tarpaulin, plastic wrap, oilcloth, at worst - a light blanket, which can quickly be turned into a fairly reliable awning. Depending on the size of the group and the location of the supports, the awning can be single-sided or double-sided, stretched low or high above the ground. The same awning can be used to protect the fire from rain or wind.

In the absence of material for an awning, tourists take refuge under the canopy of branches of a dense spruce or cedar, an overturned boat, in a rock recess.

Overnight stay in winter. In winter, barriers are installed at the bivouacs to protect against cold and wind. Their construction begins with the construction of a frame of poles and thick branches. Then the frame is intertwined with thin branches. To better reflect heat, the inner surface of the barrier is covered with sheets or liners for sleeping bags, and the bed itself is made inclined towards the fire. As an emphasis for the legs and in order to avoid overheating, a transverse log is attached with two pegs at the lower edge of the bed. Outside, the barrier is covered with snow.

With a small number of poles and branches, a barrier is constructed from skis stuck in the snow and blankets fixed to them with the help of ski poles. The bottom edges of the blankets must be sprinkled with snow.

Sometimes tourists organize accommodation for the night according to the so-called hunting method. 2-3 hours before bedtime, a hot fire is lit and the earth is warmed up properly. Then the fire is shifted to the side and a dense group is laid on the dry warm soil, backpacks and other soft equipment are laid down.

Accommodation without a tent in winter in a treeless zone

Snow pits, caves, huts are sometimes the only shelter for tourists during a forced winter overnight stay without a tent in a treeless area. A convenient place for their construction are areas with a dense and thickest snow cover: snowdrifts, puffs, slopes of ravines. Having dug a hole by any improvised means and hiding in it, it is necessary to close the inlet as tightly as possible with a windbreaker or a blanket hung on skis. For better heat preservation, it is better to make the entrance to the cave as narrow as possible and lead it from below.

Where the crust is especially strong, and the slight thickness of the snow does not allow digging a deep hole (on the ice of large reservoirs, in sunny and windy places with little snow), a snow hut is built for shelter. They build it by cutting snow blocks with knives and laying them in rows in the form of a vault. In the absence of skills in working with snow, the ceiling is made of skis and ski poles, covering them with a blanket or snow plates. For better heat preservation, the cubic capacity of pits, caves and huts should be minimal.

You can quickly make a shelter if you take a metal ring of 13 plates with slots for ski toes on an emergency trip in advance (Fig. 7.7). This ring is the upper support of 12 skis that form the frame of the tourist "plague". A plastic film is hung on the skis, snow blocks are rolled from the sides and top. When transporting, the ring folds like a measuring meter.

Types of simple shelters

Rice. 7.7. Shelter with a frame of skis connected by a metal ring

Being in such shelters, you need to put on all the warm clothes, hide your legs in a backpack, and put other things down. It is useful to periodically take sugar, fats, and if possible, drink hot. In the conditions of such lodging for the night, it is necessary to allocate a duty officer who monitors the condition of his comrades.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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