Civil defense. History, purpose, main tasks for the protection of the population. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Civil defense. History, purpose, main tasks for the protection of the population. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Foundation in the Soviet Union civil defense - until 1961, it was called the local air defense (MPVO) - began to be laid in the very first years of the establishment of Soviet power. The first MPVO measures were carried out in Petrograd in March 1918 after the first aerial bombardment of the city by German aircraft. During the years of the Civil War, residents of a number of other large cities were involved in the activities of the MPVO when there was a threat of air raids.

The Soviet government, beginning in 1925, issued a number of decrees aimed at creating and strengthening the country's air defense. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a lot of work had been done to prepare the population and cities of the threatened border zone for air defense and chemical protection.

Civil Defense (GO) - a system of measures to prepare and protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions (Law of the Russian Federation of February 12, 1998 No. 28-FZ "On civil defense"). The civil defense of Russia is an integral part of the general system of state defense measures carried out in peacetime and wartime. The activities of civil defense are aimed both at protecting against modern means of attack by the enemy, and at carrying out rescue and urgent emergency and restoration work at facilities and in the centers of destruction in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime.

The main tasks facing civil defense can be formulated as follows:

1) teaching the population how to protect themselves from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions;

2) notification of the population about the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions;

3) evacuation of the population, material and cultural values to safe areas;

4) provision of shelters and personal protective equipment to the population;

5) carrying out activities for light and other types of camouflage;

6) fighting fires arising during the conduct of military operations or as a result of these operations;

7) restoration and maintenance of order in areas affected by the conduct of hostilities, urgent restoration of the functioning of the necessary public services in wartime;

8) development and implementation of measures aimed at preserving objects that are essential for the sustainable functioning of the economy and the survival of the population in wartime.

At each facility, a regulation on civil defense should be developed, in which the tasks of the civil defense of the object are indicated.

An important task of the civil defense headquarters is the training and preparation of personnel for actions in emergency situations. The learning process is multilevel. It includes an introductory briefing, familiarization with the characteristics and methods of handling individual and collective protective equipment, conducting drills, etc.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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