The main narcotic drugs, their characteristics, signs of consumption. OBZhD

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The main narcotic drugs, their characteristics, signs of consumption. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

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Main drugs:

1. Opium group:

raw opium - air-dried milky poppy juice, having a color from dark brown to black; whole and chopped stems and poppy heads (poppy straw);
acetylated opium - a drug produced in a homemade way from poppy straw by using acetone and other organic solvents, followed by heat treatment; color - from dark brown to black, resinous consistency;
medicines: morphine, promedol, etc. in ampoules - colorless or slightly yellowish-looking solutions;
medical preparations containing codeine: tablets of codterpin, codtermops in stationary packages; color - from white to yellowish-pink.

The most characteristic form of use is intravenous infusion, although opium drugs can be taken either orally or subcutaneously, and even used as opiosmoking. The nature of intoxication and the duration of action depend on the drug and the method of its administration.

During intoxication, a feeling of complete bodily and mental comfort is interspersed with dreamlike fantasies. Consciousness and orientation are preserved; drug addicts are sedentary, tend to stay alone. Of the objective signs, the most reliable is a sharp narrowing of the pupils to point sizes with no reaction to light, pallor of the face and all skin integuments, dryness of the mucous lips, their constant licking, and sometimes itching of the skin. Most often, there are traces of injections along the veins on the hands, there is no smell of alcohol.

After 2-6 hours, apathy, depression, drowsiness, poor health, and depression develop. For many people, the first use of the drug is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and the state of "high" develops later, with subsequent doses.

2. Means belonging to the group "hashish" made from hemp:

marijuana - dried inflorescences of hemp tops - both crushed and not crushed parts of any plant varieties - with flowers, fruits and leaves, from bright green to brown;
hashish (anasha) - made from resin and hemp pollen, the color is from greenish-brown to almost black.

Intoxicated as a result of hashish intake, he is careless, light-hearted in his judgments, deeds and actions. Causeless laughter is possible, there may be psychoses, coordination of movements is disturbed; there is dilated pupils, redness of the skin of the face and eyelids. Speech is slurred, breathing is rapid.

3. Group of stimulants: caffeine (tea, coffee), ephedron

Ephedron is a narcotic substance obtained in an artisanal way from ephedrine-containing drugs (ephedrine, theofedrine, Sunoref ointment, solutan, broncholithin, etc.).

With the introduction of ephedrine, dry mouth, slight trembling throughout the body, impulsive movements, dilated pupils with a weakening of their reaction to light appear.

Abuse of ephedrine usually proceeds as alcohol binges. Signs of caffeine use are dry mouth, rapid breathing and palpitations. Ecstasy is also a narcotic substance related to stimulants. Usually these are tablets of various colors and shapes. Its use causes overexcitation of the nervous system. After the cessation of the drug, there is a breakdown, while there is apathy, a feeling of emptiness.

4. Group of hallucinogens

The most commonly used tablets are cyclodol, artan, diphenhydramine, tarena.

The state of intoxication is characterized by the development of psychosis, which is accompanied by an abundance of visual hallucinations, clouding of consciousness, usually moderate motor arousal.

On examination, dry skin, shortness of breath, palpitations, dilated pupils are revealed; seizures are possible.

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is also a hallucinogenic drug. Usually distributed in the form of "stamps" - small cards with pictures. Taking LSD causes disorientation and hallucinations of various contents (both nightmarish and pleasant). Long-term use of LSD can lead to mental disorders.

5. Group of psychotropic drugs

Tranquilizers are usually used - such as seduxen, relanium, radedorm, tazepam, etc. Most often, oral tablets are used.

On examination, motor disinhibition, unsteady gait, dilated pupils with a weakened reaction to light are revealed. There is absent-mindedness, drowsiness, slurred speech.

6. Group of inhalants

These substances are used by inhalation of vapors of various substances - ethers, gasoline, acetone, solvents, stain removers, synthetic adhesives and other household chemicals.

When these substances are used, the intoxicated and their clothes emit a strong smell of the substance used; the face is usually red, edematous, breathing through the nose is difficult.

In a state of intoxication, some minors have illusory perception disorders; visual and sometimes auditory hallucinations.

Sobering up usually occurs quite quickly - from a few minutes to half an hour. Headache, nausea, dizziness may be absent (especially in the case of a long history of use).

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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