City, high-risk areas. Security measures. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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City, high-risk areas. Security measures. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

In a city, especially a large one, many factors cause discomfort and disease. The urban environment is dangerous. Of particular concern is the high rate of injuries and deaths in road traffic accidents.

The complex of negative factors of the production environment is characterized by diversity and high levels of impact on a working person. The most common factors include gas contamination and dustiness of the air in the working area, unfavorable temperature conditions, increased noise, insufficient lighting, heavy physical work, and increased vibrations. If safety requirements are not observed in the working environment, occupational diseases, injuries, poisoning and death are inevitable.

The general situation with injuries at enterprises is complicated by the depreciation of all types of equipment - from the main to cleaning systems.

Over the past decade in cities, the use of products made of polymer synthetic materials has significantly increased in the decoration of offices of banks, joint-stock companies, various markets, supermarkets, small offices (lawyers, notaries, realtors), as well as homes of wealthy people. Now it is called euro-finishing, euro-design, euro-repair. There are about 90 types of such materials - wallpapers (vinyl, washable, etc.), plates and tiles for walls and ceilings, flooring, PVC doors and windows, furniture using plastics, various impregnating resins, adhesives.

Foreign researchers have established emissions from all these "charms" of design in the form of chemicals - phenol, benzene, xylene, formaldehyde, acrylates, phthalates, etc.

Back in 1985, studies were carried out in England in offices, offices and living quarters, saturated with products made of polymers and plastics; as a result, it was found that people and especially children get sick more often, allergic and colds, neurasthenia and hypertension are observed.

These studies were carried out in England after receiving 13 reports from different places about cases of acute poisoning in the offices and apartments of the British from the fumes of chemical compounds.

Added to this urban phenomena is the negative impact in the form of radiation from office and household appliances (computers, copiers, printers, microwave ovens, televisions, video and audio tape recorders, etc.), as well as the release of mercury vapor from fluorescent lamps and lamps.

In Russia, similar studies were also carried out, in particular, with the help of elementary gas analyzers. As a result of the research, the presence of harmful chemical compounds in the plastic products themselves and in the air of the premises where they were used for decoration and assembly was established. That is why it was decided to present hygienic certificates when importing such products to Russia by import deliveries, as well as by domestic enterprises - manufacturers of plastics and household chemicals.

One of the security measures is the creation of oases of plants, fountains of small forms in offices, apartments, limiting the use of plastic products.

The system of bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, based on statistical data, established the following high risk areas (according to road accidents and cases of a criminogenic nature):

1) stations (bus stations, river, sea, railway, air terminals);

2) markets (retail, wholesale, collective farm fairs, clothing);

3) shops, supermarkets;

4) entertainment establishments (discotheques, casinos, nightclubs, cafes, bars, restaurants). According to the above objects, accidents occur in the adjacent territories and on roads, entrances, parking lots, criminogenic events occur both at the objects themselves and in the territories adjacent to them. Many injured people come from these areas.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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