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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Theoretical foundations of life safety. Basics of safe life
Directory / Basics of safe life Human activity from the very first days of life passes in close interaction with the external natural environment. Man is a product and an integral part of nature. If for many millennia the vital activity of man and mankind as a whole proceeded in the conditions of the primary natural environment, then in the last century, the accumulation of products of his vital activity has exerted an increasing influence on the environment on the micro- and macroscales. As a result of the active economic activity of mankind, the natural habitat changed, secondary nature arose - cities, factories, canals, reservoirs, dams, roads, artificial forest plantations, etc. In the XX century. the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment has intensified, and especially after the First and Second World Wars, which resulted in military-technical progress with the scientific and technological revolution in the second half of this century. The large-scale arms race in the NATO countries (and primarily the United States) after the Second World War led to the creation of nuclear weapons that were destructive with severe, harmful consequences for human life. The United States, as you know, was the first to use nuclear weapons (1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki), and then began its constant testing in the atmosphere and underground (test site in Nevada). The USSR and the countries of the socialist camp, which were part of a military defensive alliance - the Warsaw Pact, were forced to take adequate military-technical measures in response. The priority task in the socialist countries was to ensure the safety of the population in the event of a new, third world war with the use of nuclear weapons, as well as chemical and bacteriological weapons (in the early 50s of the 1947th century in Korea, during military operations, the United States used chemical and bacteriological civilian population). These facts were reported in the world press and on the radio by UN observers and Soviet pilots, tank instructors who trained Korean servicemen in the rear zone of Korea. Back in 1949, Soviet intelligence officers became aware of the development in the United States of a plan for a nuclear strike in XNUMX on six major industrial cities of the USSR (Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Baku, Gorky, Tbilisi). To ensure security, the leadership of the USSR, headed by I.V. Stalin decided on the nuclear and missile armament of the Soviet Army. In response to the US aggressive actions against the DPRK, China began developing a nuclear program under the leadership of the "great helmsman" Mao Zedong. The USSR and China conducted tests of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere and underground (in the USSR - in the Totsk camps in the Orenburg region, Semipalatinsk, on Novaya Zemlya, in China - in the North-Western province, not far from the border with the USSR). China's last test of a hydrogen bomb in the atmosphere was in 1982, resulting in two huge clouds in the upper atmosphere that circled the Earth twice, sowing radioactive waste. They were then detected over Mexico, the USA, Denmark, Spain, Poland and the USSR with the help of special radiosondes with radiation monitoring devices. Nuclear weapons were also tested by France (on the Mururoa atoll) and England (on Tierra del Fuego). Soon after the nuclear tests, the number of oncological diseases among the population increased sharply in those countries and areas where the tests were carried out, Japan, which was subjected to an atomic bombing in 1945, "led" in such diseases. Residents of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, survivors of the explosion of American atomic bombs, died gradually over many decades, there were births of mutants - children with two heads and one body, with deformed limbs, etc. As a result of the widespread dissemination around the world of information about the ominous and detrimental consequences for human life of the use and testing of atomic weapons, a mass movement began in many countries to ban the testing and production of nuclear weapons. This movement was supported by the USSR, the socialist countries and others, the so-called non-aligned (military blocs), it was successful - in the 60s. XNUMXth century international treaties were adopted: "On the prohibition of tests of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere and under water", "On the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons". But simultaneously with the production of nuclear weapons, the race of "conventional" arms was going on at an increasing pace and volume (production of tanks, guns, warships, submarines with nuclear reactors, aircraft, helicopters, missiles for various purposes - from tactical to strategic, etc.), and space technology was also produced - from spy satellites to communication satellites, spacecraft, stations. As a result, industrial production constantly increased, cities, technopolises, megacities with all the complex infrastructure grew, which led to the end of the XNUMXth century. to a colossal load on the entire nature of the Earth on a global scale, the ecosystem was in critical condition. The vital activity of mankind has become very complicated, which manifested itself in a threatening increase in the number of various kinds of diseases - from oncological to pulmonary (tuberculosis, bronchial asthma) and cardiovascular (strokes, heart attacks, etc.). In this regard, at the end of the XX century. the question of the need for a healthy lifestyle by a person and humanity as a whole arose. The constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) refers to the highest level of health as one of the fundamental human rights. A healthy lifestyle is a way of life of a person, his behavior and thinking, which ensure the protection and promotion of health. As modern studies show, individual health of a person depends on his lifestyle by 49-53%. Among the main components of a healthy lifestyle are the following:: 1) moderate and balanced nutrition; 2) daily routine, taking into account individual biological rhythms; 3) sufficient physical activity; 4) hardening; 5) personal hygiene; 6) competent environmental behavior; 7) mental hygiene and the ability to manage their emotions; 8) sexual education; 9) giving up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs); 10) safe behavior at home, on the street, in an educational institution, ensuring the prevention of injuries and poisoning. in the United States during the last decade of the XNUMXth century. and at the present time there is an active promotion of a healthy lifestyle with the connection to it of popular actors of cinema, television and video films (A. Schwarzenegger, Jackie Chan, etc.). In the United States, advertising of tobacco products is prohibited not only on television, but also on the streets of cities, along highways. In a number of Western countries, employees of enterprises and firms who quit smoking are encouraged, and, conversely, the wages of smokers are reduced. In the USSR in the 60-80s. XNUMXth century Much attention was also paid to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the population - from students to employees of institutions and enterprises. were held the following activities: 1) passing the TRP standards (for running, swimming, jumping, cross-country, etc.); 2) stadiums, sports complexes, courts, tracks, etc. were built; 3) sports competitions were held - district, city, regional, republican, all-Union - among youth and adults (workers of factories, factories, etc.), student ones; 4) production gymnastics were held regularly at all enterprises and institutions (at 11 o'clock in the afternoon); 5) in 1985-1989 on the initiative of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a large-scale anti-alcohol campaign was carried out in the country. The result of the anti-alcohol campaign was a sharp increase in the birth rate in the country, a decrease in injuries and accidents due to the use of alcoholic beverages, various offenses (at home, on the streets, etc.). But this campaign led to an increase in the consumption of sugar for home brewing, to the use of alcohol-containing technical liquids (methylated spirits, BF glue, tincture of iodine, etc.), and as a result, cases of severe poisoning, leading to loss of vision, deaths, became more frequent. The anti-alcohol campaign ended with widespread and deep discontent among the population (including the miners of Kuzbass, Donbass, Vorkuta). Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.
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