Natural emergencies of meteorological origin: hurricanes, tornadoes, storms. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

Natural emergencies of meteorological origin: hurricanes, tornadoes, storms. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Hurricanes, storms and tornadoes are dangerous meteorological phenomena that can cause great material damage and cause human casualties.

Urahan - wind speed exceeding 120 km/h. The destructive force of hurricanes is created by very high speed winds, which carry significant masses of water, mud and sand. A hurricane wind damages strong and demolishes light buildings, breaks the wires of power transmission and communication lines, devastates fields, breaks and uproots trees, etc.

A hurricane, passing over the ocean, forms powerful clouds, which are the source of catastrophic downpours that cause flooding in large areas. In turn, heavy rainfall that comes with hurricanes is also the cause of such natural phenomena as mudflows and landslides.

Tornadoes, in contact with the surface of the earth, cause the same destruction as strong hurricanes, but in much smaller areas.

Dust storms, caused by the wind, the speed of which reaches 62-101 km / h, fill fields, settlements and roads with a layer of dust and sand. Under such conditions, crops are significantly reduced or completely destroyed, and large expenditures are required for clearing roads and settlements. Such storms are often observed in the Stavropol Territory (Chernye Zemli region), Kalmykia, Volgograd, Astrakhan and Saratov regions.

Consequence snow storms are the cessation of traffic in cities, on roads in rural areas, the death of farm animals and even people.

Rules of behavior and actions of the population in case of snow drifts

Winter manifestations of the elemental forces of nature are often expressed as snow drifts as a result of snowfalls and snowstorms.

Snowfalls, which can last from 16 to 24 hours, have a strong impact on the economic activity of the population, especially in rural areas. The negative impact of this phenomenon is exacerbated by blizzards (blizzards, snowstorms), in which visibility deteriorates sharply, transport communication, both intracity and intercity, is interrupted. Snowfall with rain at low temperatures and hurricane winds creates conditions for icing of power lines, communications, contact networks of electric transport, as well as the roofs of buildings, various supports and structures, which often causes their destruction.

With the announcement of a storm warning (warning of possible snow drifts), it is necessary to limit movement, especially in rural areas, to create the necessary supply of food, water and fuel at home. In some areas, with the onset of the winter period, it is necessary to stretch ropes along the streets between houses, helping pedestrians navigate in a strong snowstorm and overcome strong winds.

Snowdrifts are especially dangerous for people caught on the way far from human habitation. Snow-covered roads, loss of visibility cause complete disorientation on the ground.

When driving a car, you should not try to overcome snow drifts, you must stop, completely close the windows and doors of the car, cover the engine from the side of the radiator. If possible, the car should be installed with the engine in the windward direction. Periodically, you need to get out of the car, shovel the snow so as not to be buried under it. In addition, a car not covered with snow is a good guide for the search party. The car engine must be warmed up periodically to prevent it from freezing. When warming up the car, it is important to prevent exhaust gases from flowing into the cab (body, interior), for this purpose, you need to make sure that the exhaust pipe does not fill up with snow.

If there are several people on the road together (in several cars), it is advisable to get everyone together and use one car as a shelter; water must be drained from the engines of other vehicles. In no case should you leave the shelter-car: in a heavy snowfall (blizzard), landmarks that seem reliable at first glance can be lost after a few tens of meters.

In rural areas, with the receipt of a storm warning, it is urgent to prepare the required amount of food and water for animals. From distant pastures, livestock is driven to the nearest shelters, pre-equipped in the folds of the terrain, to stationary camps or farms. For the delivery of livestock breeders to the place of the forthcoming work, reliable, technically sound tracked vehicles are allocated.

During ice, the scale of the disaster increases. Ice formations on the roads make it difficult, and on very rough terrain they completely stop the operation of road transport. The movement of pedestrians is difficult. Collapses of various structures and objects under load become a real danger. In these conditions, it is necessary to avoid being in dilapidated buildings, under power lines and communications and near their supports.

In mountainous areas, after heavy snowfalls, the risk of avalanches increases. The population will be notified about this by various warning signals installed in places of possible avalanches and possible snow falls. These warnings should not be ignored, all recommendations must be strictly followed.

Measures to reduce the consequences of storms, hurricanes, tornadoes

Protection against hurricanes, storms and tornadoes consists in taking timely measures to protect against the action of the wind and its accompanying natural phenomena.

Early warning measures include:

1) restriction of land use in areas of frequent passage of cyclones, while it is recommended to use special agricultural practices (cultivation of land without plowing with a dump of large clods with disc cutters, taking into account the experience of Canadian farmers, i.e. non-moldboard), refusal to use heavy tractors of the K-type in agricultural work 700, which grind the top layer of the earth to a dusty state, subsequently easily moved by the wind over long distances;

2) restrictions on the placement of facilities with hazardous industries, as well as a reduction in the volume of stocks of explosive, fire, chemically hazardous substances on them;

3) strengthening and restoration of obsolete or fragile buildings and structures;

4) cutting down old, rotten trees;

5) strengthening of industrial, residential and other buildings and structures;

6) determination of safe modes of operation of various industries in strong wind conditions.

With the receipt of a storm warning, which is given by a division of the Russian Hydrometeorological Service a few hours before the onset of a dangerous weather event, operational protective measures:

1) wide notification of the population about the route and time of approach to various areas of a dangerous meteorological phenomenon, about the possible nature of its impact, security measures and rules of behavior for people that are optimal for the current situation;

2) transition to safe operating modes of production, termination of construction and installation works using lifting mechanisms (tower cranes), termination of loading and unloading operations using lifting mechanisms (truck cranes, gantry cranes, gantry and tower cranes);

3) transfer and relocation of unique and especially valuable equipment to strong or protected premises, in rural areas - the supply of feed stocks to farms, the creation of a water supply, etc.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ Technological ways to solve the problem of cooling in power plants

▪ Natural emergencies of a geological nature: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, landslides

▪ Bonfires and hearths

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Supercomputer in Poland 26.11.2003

Intel introduced Poland's fastest supercomputer installed at the Academic Computing Center in Gdansk (TASK).

The supercomputer is a high performance computing cluster of 128 Optimus NSERVER systems and a total of 256 Intel Itanium processors. The cluster has a throughput of 1,3 triplion floating point operations per second (1,3 teraflops). It is expected to enter the top ten of the official ranking of the world's fastest supercomputing resources Clusters TOP 500+.

The computing power of the new cluster will provide invaluable assistance to the scientific community in Poland and will help to conduct pioneering research in the fields of chemistry, biotechnology, molecular modeling and computational fluid dynamics.

Other interesting news:

▪ Protect computer protection system based on user trust index

▪ The clock controls the TV

▪ Elusive ultralight oxygen discovered

▪ Bronze Age metallurgy

▪ Sleepless night adds fat

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Welding equipment. Article selection

▪ article sex education. Basics of safe life

▪ article When did you start collecting honey? Detailed answer

▪ article Head of the courier service. Job description