Pediatric surgery. Paralytic ileus (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Pediatric surgery. Paralytic ileus (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

54. Paralytic ileus

The greatest practical importance in emergency surgery in children is paralytic ileus, which is the most common and serious complication of the postoperative period.

In the presence of peritonitis (even after the elimination of the source of its origin), intestinal paresis in most cases acquires a leading role in a complex chain of developing systemic and local disorders.

The increased intra-intestinal pressure resulting from paresis exacerbates circulatory disorders in the intestinal wall.

Functional changes in intra-intestinal nerve endings are replaced by their organic damage.

Loss of fluid, proteins, electrolytes in the intestinal lumen, a violation of the absorption process in it, lead to hypovolemia, corresponding to violations of the central and peripheral hemodynamics.

The permeability of the intestinal wall increases, and there is a risk of secondary infection of the abdominal cavity. Dehydration, bacteremia close the resulting vicious circle, which is the more difficult to break, the more time has passed since the onset of paresis.

The failure of conservative treatment of postoperative intestinal paresis is mainly due to the following reasons:

1) insufficient assessment of systemic disorders that occur with paresis and their role in maintaining it;

2) the lack of sufficiently clear ideas about the nature of local pathophysiological disorders developing in the intestinal wall;

3) irrational treatment that ignores the stages of systemic and local disorders in the clinical course of postoperative paresis. The restriction of intestinal motor function that arose after surgery should probably be considered as a biologically justified, reflex protective reaction that develops in response to bacterial, mechanical or chemical irritation of the peritoneum and the nerve endings of the abdominal organs.

The chain of this reflex can be closed not only in the higher, but also in the spinal sections of the central nervous system. The latter, obviously, is due to the occurrence of intestinal paresis in pneumonia, trauma and inflammatory processes of the urinary tract.

In accordance with modern pathophysiological views, it is believed that, regardless of the causes that caused intestinal paresis, two interrelated circumstances contribute mainly to maintaining it: the degree of disturbances in the peripheral nervous apparatus and the severity of microcirculation disorders in the intestinal wall.

Authors: Drozdov A.A., Drozdova M.V.

<< Back: Spastic intestinal obstruction

>> Forward: Clinic and diagnosis of paralytic ileus

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Tax law. Crib

▪ Roman law. Lecture notes

▪ Pharmacology. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Three human brains tied into a net 05.10.2018

In recent years, scientists have developed tools that provide the ability to "read thoughts" and transmit them to the brain. To a very limited extent, but sufficient to demonstrate the most fundamental possibility of such an exchange of information.

In 2015, using electroencephalography (EEG) to record the electrical activity of the brain and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to relay information to the brain, researchers at the University of Washington were able to connect the brains of one participant in an experiment to those of another. During the experiment, participants played a question game.

The obvious next step was to create a network of three people. This time, the participants sent thoughts to each other while playing a Tetris-style game.

The participants were isolated from each other. Two were wearing EEG instruments. These participants saw the entire screen and could pass "commands" to rotate the figures to a third participant who only saw the top of the screen where the figures appear, but could not know whether to rotate them or not. He had to receive commands using TMS.

In order to transmit the turn command, the corresponding participant had to look at the LED on the edge of the screen flashing at a frequency of 15 Hz. A second LED flashing at a frequency of 17 Hz served to transmit the command to refuse to turn. The fact is that when perceiving flashes of light, the brain generates impulses with the same frequency, fixed by the EEG. And if certain areas of the brain are stimulated at this frequency with the help of TMS, a person experiences a sensation of flashes. Having received signals from two partners, the "receiver" carried out the command required by them.

To complicate the experiment, the scientists tried to arbitrarily change the commands received by the "receiver". So they introduced an element of error that is present in real communication. As it turned out, a person is able to distinguish correct information from false, having only the "protocol" of interaction with partners described above.

According to the researchers, the technology is easily scalable - both in terms of the number of network participants and the distances separating them.

Other interesting news:

▪ quantum integrated circuit

▪ Asteroid TC4 will pass by the Earth

▪ Plastic turns into edible mushrooms

▪ Nearby Share data service

▪ Mean Well HRP/N power supplies

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Sites of amateur radio equipment. Article selection

▪ article Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Why is there a traffic light on the narrowest street in Prague? Detailed answer

▪ article by Arrakach. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Refinement of a weekly eight-channel timer with a WEB-interface. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Umbrella and balloon. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews