Pediatric surgery. Preoperative preparation (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Pediatric surgery. Preoperative preparation (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

2. Preoperative preparation

In emergency surgery in the preoperative period, tasks of non-specific preoperative preparation: solving the problem of "full stomach", improving the function of vital organs and systems, conducting premedication.

Premedication technique depends on the subsequent choice of anesthesia and therefore will be discussed in the appropriate section.

The problem of "full stomach" is of no small importance for the prevention of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents.

Regardless of the time elapsed since the last meal, the emergency patient should be considered a potential aspiration hazard at the time of anesthesia.

First of all, this applies to patients with peritonitis, various types of intestinal obstruction and other diseases of the "acute abdomen".

Before the start of anesthesia, each child is inserted into the stomach with a probe to suck out gastric contents. Then the probe is removed so that it is not a conductor for subsequent regurgitation.

Aspiration can be prevented to some extent by using nitrous oxide with oxygen for induction of anesthesia (2: 1 or 1:

1) in combination with fluorotane or cyclopropane, ketalar. With such anesthesia, the cough reflex is suppressed relatively late, which reduces the risk of gastric contents entering the respiratory tract.

At the same time, the child must be given the Trendelenburg position.

During tracheal intubation, it is advisable to press the thyroid cartilage towards the spine. With the help of this technique, the exit from the esophagus is reliably blocked, which prevents food masses from entering the trachea.

If, despite the measures taken, aspiration still occurs, then it is necessary to immediately intubate the trachea with thorough washing of the tracheobronchial tree with saline sodium chloride solution with antibiotics; if it is ineffective, bronchoscopy is indicated.

Measures to improve the function of vital organs and systems depend on the nature of the pathological syndrome that dominates the clinical picture of an acute surgical disease.

Most often, preoperative therapy requires intoxication, traumatic shock, and respiratory failure. Special preparation is necessary for newborns and premature babies, in whom physiological borderline conditions during surgery can turn into a pathological process. It should be emphasized that the task of training does not include the complete normalization of the function of the main organs and systems. It is only necessary to "push" the process of recovery, that is, to transfer the pathological state from decompensation to compensation.

Authors: Drozdov A.A., Drozdova M.V.

<< Back: Peculiarities of treatment of children with surgical diseases

>> Forward: Manifestation of intoxication

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Criminalistics. Lecture notes

▪ Stocks and bods market. Crib

▪ Russian literature of the XNUMXth century in brief. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Tablets Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 05.06.2013

Samsung has announced the Galaxy Tab 3 tablets, equipped with a touch screen with a diagonal of 8 and 10,1 inches. The younger model carries on board a dual-core processor with a clock speed of 1,5 GHz, 1,5 GB of RAM, a flash drive with a capacity of 16 or 32 GB, cameras with a 1,3- and 5-megapixel matrix. Dimensions are 209,8x123,8x7,4 mm, weight - 314 g. Battery capacity - 4 mAh.

The 10-inch tablet has a 1,6 GHz chip with two cores, 1 GB of RAM, 16/32 GB storage, as well as cameras with 1,3 and 3 megapixel sensors. Power is provided by a 6 mAh battery. Dimensions - 800x243,1x176,1 mm, weight - 7,95 g.

The screen resolution of the tablets is the same - 1280x800 pixels (WXGA). Both devices are equipped with Wi-Fi (802.11a / b / g / n) and Bluetooth 4.0 wireless adapters, a GPS / GLONASS navigation system receiver, a microSD slot, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a light sensor, a USB port and a standard headphone jack.

The tablets will be offered in HSPA+ and LTE versions. The operating system used is Android 4.2 Jelly Bean.

Other interesting news:

▪ Biometric bank card Mastercard

▪ SEAGATE will automatically encrypt all contents of your hard drive

▪ Laptops with HDD will disappear from stores in Western Europe

▪ Electromagnetic earthquake prediction

▪ Science requires sacrifice

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Grounding and grounding. Selection of articles

▪ article Arshin to swallow. Popular expression

▪ article When was the wheel invented? Detailed answer

▪ article The driver of the rolling unit in the production of wallpaper. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Sensor of humidity, light and water level on the timer KR1006VI1 (NE555). Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Two AF power amplifiers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews