Anesthesiology and resuscitation. The concept of resuscitation (lecture notes)

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Anesthesiology and resuscitation. The concept of resuscitation (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Lecture number 1. The concept of resuscitation

Resuscitation is a branch of clinical medicine that studies the problems of revitalizing the body, developing principles for the prevention of terminal conditions, methods of resuscitation and intensive care. Practical methods of revitalizing the body are united by the concept of "resuscitation".

Resuscitation (from Latin "revival" or "animation") is a system of measures aimed at restoring sharply impaired or lost vital functions of the body and removing it from a terminal state and clinical death. Effective resuscitation measures are indirect heart massage and artificial ventilation of the lungs. If they are ineffective within 30 minutes, biological death is ascertained.

Intensive care is a set of measures used to treat severe, life-threatening conditions and involves the use of a wide range of therapeutic measures, according to indications, including intravenous infusions, prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs, pacing, dialysis methods, etc.

A critical state is the impossibility of maintaining the integrity of body functions as a result of an acute dysfunction of an organ or system, requiring drug or hardware-instrumental replacement.

The terminal state is a borderline state between life and death, a reversible extinction of body functions, including the stages of preagony, agony and clinical death.

Clinical death is a terminal condition in which there is no blood circulation and respiration, the activity of the cerebral cortex stops, but metabolic processes are preserved. With clinical death, the possibility of effective resuscitation remains. The duration of clinical death is from 5 to 6 minutes.

Biological death is an irreversible cessation of physiological processes in organs and tissues, in which resuscitation is impossible. It is established by a combination of a number of signs: the absence of spontaneous movements, contractions of the heart and pulse in large arteries, respiration, reactions to painful stimuli, corneal reflex, maximum pupil dilation and the absence of their reaction to light. Reliable signs of the onset of death are a decrease in body temperature to 20 ° C, the appearance of cadaveric spots and muscle rigor mortis.

Author: Kolesnikova M.A.

>> Forward: Basic manipulations in intensive care (Tracheostomy. Conicotomy. Puncture of the pleural cavity. Puncture and catheterization of the epidural space. Lumbar puncture)

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