История экономической мысли. Заключение (конспект лекций)

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История экономической мысли. Заключение (конспект лекций)

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Conclusion

Even a brief acquaintance with the course "History of economic doctrines" allows us to conclude that no economic theories are absolutely correct, and no theoretical conclusions are exhaustive and valid for all time. But at the same time, a grain of truth is contained in any economic theory. Depending on the positions from which the economic theories of representatives of past eras are considered, one can consider early economic teachings either as simply erroneous opinions of long-dead people, or as a repository of a number of insightful, and sometimes brilliant conjectures.

Probably, this is also the difference between economic science and other sciences, that it does not have an inevitable transition from lesser to greater certainty, it does not contain truth, which, once revealed, will be eternal truth. The development of economic science is somewhat reminiscent of the "pendulum principle" when it sometimes seems as if the economy is moving forward, driven by a sense of symmetry, which requires that each new theory is always the opposite of the old one. An example is the rejection of the labor theory of value and the development by representatives of the "Austrian school" in the 70s of the nineteenth century of the theory of marginal utility as a theory of pricing. Or an equally abrupt transition during this period from the analysis of macroeconomic problems, in particular, the study of the causes of the "wealth of nations" and the laws governing the distribution of the created product, to the problems of microeconomics, when the subject of economic science is the study of the behavior of an economic subject in conditions of limited resources.

But after some time, theories appear that bear the essential features of economic theories that were previously rejected.

But if none of the economic theories is absolutely correct, then why study economics, and even more so, study the history of economic doctrines?

The history of economic thought is the history of attempts to understand the operation of an economy based on market transactions. It was the study of the problem of market exchange that gave the initial impetus to economic science (remember the views of Aristotle). If each of these attempts, embodied in economic theory, helps to understand the nature of certain causal relationships in the economy, then knowledge of various economic theories helps to understand the complexity and interdependence of all economic variables and avoid the human tendency to look for simple and clear, but wrong solutions to complex problems. problems.

And it is difficult to argue with M. Blaug, who writes... “It is much better to know the intellectual heritage than to guess that it is stored in a place unknown to us and written in an unfamiliar language.”

Author: Agapova I. I.

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