Hydraulic ram for automatic watering. Drawing, description

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Hydraulic ram for automatic watering. Tips for the home master

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A simple and ingenious mechanism - a hydraulic ram, without needing a source of energy and without an engine, raises water to a height of several tens of meters. It can work continuously for months without supervision, adjustment and maintenance, supplying water to a small village or farm.

The operation of a hydraulic ram is based on the so-called water hammer - a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline, when the flow of water is instantly blocked by a damper. A pressure surge can break the walls of the pipe, and to avoid this, taps and valves block the flow gradually.

Hydraulic ram works as follows (Fig. 1). From reservoir 1, water enters the device through pipe 2 and flows out through the stop valve 3. The flow rate increases, its pressure increases and reaches a value exceeding the weight of the valve. The valve instantly blocks the flow, and the pressure in the pipeline rises sharply - a water hammer occurs. The increased pressure opens the pressure valve 4, through which water enters the pressure cap 5, compressing the air in it. The pressure in the pipeline drops, the pressure valve closes, and the baffle valve opens, and the cycle repeats again. The air compressed in the cap drives water through the pipe 6 into the upper tank 7 to a height of up to 10-15 meters.

Hydraulic ram for automatic watering
Rice. 1. Scheme of a hydraulic ram and the principle of its operation

The first hydraulic ram was built in the city of Saint-Cloud near Paris by the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1796, 13 years after their famous balloon. The theory of hydraulic ram was created in 1908 by Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky. His work made it possible to improve the design of this device and increase its efficiency.

The hydraulic ram is so simple that you can easily make it yourself, almost completely assembled from ready-made parts used in water supply networks. The missing parts require simple turning and welding.

The main element of the device (Fig. 2) is a steel or cast iron tee 1 (or even better, a cross connection, then the fourth, lower hole is closed with a threaded plug) with a 1,5-2 inch internal thread. Adapter nipples ("barrels") 2 with a long external thread-drives are screwed into the tee. A supply pipeline with a diameter of at least 50 mm and a length of not more than 20 meters is connected to one run. To the second - connect the knee (corner) 3 so that when installing the ram, its free end is horizontal: a kick valve will be mounted on it. A pressure cap with a valve is mounted on the third nipple. Before assembly, all threaded connections are cleaned with a metal brush from dirt and rust and wrapped with tow.

Rice. 2. Construction details of the hydraulic ram (click to enlarge)

Pressure cap 4 is made from a piece of metal or plastic pipe with a diameter of 15-20 centimeters. Its volume should be approximately equal to the volume of the supply pipeline. The ends of the pipe are closed with a cover 5 and an adapter flange 6 with rubber gaskets 7 and 7a (ring). The cap is pulled together with steel pins 8.

The pressure valve can be a non-return valve manufactured for water pumps by the Italian company Bugatti (with an external thread of 1,5 inches) and the German company Zenner (diameter from 15 to 40 mm) - they are sold in plumbing equipment stores, a home-made valve is a petal from a piece of sheet rubber or a drain valve from a toilet tank. The design of the valve will determine the size and shape of the adapter flange, the location and method of fastening the pressure pipe 9 with a diameter of 1/2 inch. Design options are shown in the figure.

The kick valve is assembled from two parts: body 10a and damper 10b. The body is machined from steel or bronze. A hole with a diameter of 15 - 20 mm is drilled in its upper part. The inner cavity ends with a cone with an angle of about 45°. The valve body is screwed onto the nipple drive 2. The steel or bronze damper has the shape of a double truncated cone with a diameter of 20–25 mm and a mass of 100–150 g. creating a hydraulic shock. Three centering spokes are screwed into the upper part of the damper so that they fit snugly, but without friction, into the upper opening of the housing. A screw is screwed into the bottom. Adjust the hydraulic ram by changing the damper mass.

To do this, lead washers are put on the lower screw. To start the hydraulic ram, it is enough to lift the damper, allowing water to flow freely through the baffle valve.

The inlet of the supply pipeline must be equipped with a simple filter that protects the hydraulic ram from dirt, and a damper that shuts off the water for the winter. To drain water from the body of the battering ram and the cap, a needle is inserted through the lower hole, opening the pressure valve with it. The hydraulic ram can be installed permanently or made removable by providing a drainage channel for water flowing from the kick valve.

The performance of a hydraulic ram can be roughly estimated from the table. It relates the ratio of the mass of water (m) raised by the hydraulic ram to the mass of water (M) received from the reservoir, and the ratio of the height of the rise of water h to the height H of its fall to the hydraulic ram.:

m/M	0,3	0,2	0,15	0,1	0,06	0,05	0,03	0,02	0,01
h/H	2	3	4	6	8	10	12	15	18

Let, for example, M = 12 l / min of water enter the hydraulic ram from a height of H = 1,5 meters. Let's see how much water he can lift to a height of 9 meters. The ratio h/H = 9/1,5 = 6 in the table corresponds to the value m/M=0,1. This means that the hydraulic ram must supply a mass of water to a height of 9 meters every minute m = 0,1 * M = 0,1 * 12 = 1,2 liters. This is not much, but in a day an automatic device will pump over one and a half tons of water, an amount sufficient to water a garden or vegetable garden of a considerable area.

References:

Ovsenyan V. M. Hydraulic rams and ram installations. M., 1968.
Do it yourself in the apartment and in the country. M., Stroyizdat, 1982.
Chistopolsky S. D. Hydraulic rams, M.-L., 1936.

Author: S.Latyshev

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