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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How did the United States develop after World War II? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How did the United States develop after World War II? The United States emerged from the war as the most economically and militarily powerful country in the capitalist world. G. Truman, who took this post in 1945 in connection with the death of F. Roosevelt, became the President of the United States. The transition of the economy and the social sphere, called reconversion, began at the final stage of the war. Arranging the life of demobilized soldiers and officers became one of the main problems of post-war perestroika. Many laws and government decisions were adopted to arrange for the participants in the war, to provide them with jobs, land, housing, medical care, and training. The smooth flow of reconversion was facilitated by the presence of a capacious domestic market in the country. By the end of the war, the United States had $129 billion in liquid savings, the existence of which provided a powerful stimulus to the production of consumer goods and capital construction. The positions of the country's big business have significantly strengthened. This created internal political difficulties in the implementation of the reformist policy initiated by F. Roosevelt. In 1947, the Taft-Hartley Act was passed, which significantly limited the democratic opportunities of workers. Plans were hatched to reduce taxes on corporations, to limit the policy of regulating socio-economic relations. The internal political situation was also complicated by the impending presidential elections in 1948. G. Truman faced a difficult task: how to repel the onslaught of opponents of liberal reforms and with what program to go to those who were in favor of further socio-economic reform of the country. It was decided to focus on deepening reforms in the sphere of domestic policy and on the hard strengthening of the hegemonic position of the United States in the sphere of foreign policy. The combination of these two principles allowed Truman to maintain his position of power. The program of action proposed by H. Truman at a new stage in the country's development has gone down in history under the name "fair course." Assuming the presidency in 1949, H. Truman promised to achieve the abolition of the Taft-Hartley Act and the expansion of the social insurance system. He also talked about the adoption of federal legislation in the field of civil rights of the Negro population, about raising the minimum wage, about the adoption of a large-scale housing program for low-income families, about helping farmers. However, it was not possible to fully implement the "social course" program. Representatives of the influential business elite were unwilling to bear the costs of maintaining new social programs. Truman's reformist plans were largely confused by the war in Korea that began in June 1950, which dramatically changed the general vector of US domestic political development. By this time, confrontational relations between the United States and the USSR also sharply intensified. The topic of "communist infiltration" into the authorities has become topical. So, in 1946, a commission was created to check the loyalty of civil servants. Representatives of the Republican Party demanded a decisive purge of all state structures from unreliable elements. Senator J. McCarthy contributed to the whipping up of anti-communist hysteria (hence the term "McCarthyism" as a manifestation of political intolerance). All these internal political processes reduced the chances for the successful implementation of the "fair course" program. During the 1952 presidential election, the Republicans managed to win. The twenty-year "era of democrats" is over. Republican leader D. Eisenhower became the new president of the United States. He gradually managed to extinguish the activity of the McCarthyists, as this had a destabilizing effect on the US political system, and this damaged both the development of the economy and the image of the United States in the international arena. The regular presidential elections held in 1956 symbolized the establishment of consensus principles in society and the stabilization of all its constituent components. Both the elite and society were satisfied with the current state of affairs, and the task of the leadership was to continue to support the stable development of the country and public harmony. Author: Irina Tkachenko
What does musical tempo mean? This word is understood as the speed with which a musical work or part of it is performed. Since the XNUMXth century, it has been customary, both in classical and often in modern music, to designate the tempo with Italian words at the beginning of musical notation. The tempo changes from largo (very slowly, solemnly) through lento, adagio, andante, andantino, moderato, allegretto, allegro, vivace, presto, prestissimo (as fast as possible).
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