What is the essence of the ideological foundations of medieval Christianity? Detailed answer

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What is the essence of the ideological foundations of medieval Christianity? Detailed answer

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What is the essence of the ideological foundations of medieval Christianity?

During the early and middle Middle Ages, the Catholic Church controlled all spheres of human life: from politics to the spiritual world of the individual. Every step the person did with the permission of the clergy. This position led the church to double morality. The Church demanded from parishioners strict adherence to all moral standards, but she allowed herself the impossible.

Education was controlled by "black and white cassocks", from school curricula and From universities, everything that contradicted official morality was confiscated. The natural development of science was hampered by dogmatism: for example, among the victims D. Bruno, declared a heretic, turned out to be a geocentric model of the world. To another talented scientist, G. Galileo, more diplomatic, had a long time beg for forgiveness.

But these circumstances do not negate all the positive things that have been done Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. Monasteries were the center of culture; In many they contained evidence of the great deeds of the Roman Empire. Competent the monks painstakingly copied ancient scrolls.

The Church encouraged the development of such genres as all kinds of lives of saints and chronicle "from the Nativity of Christ". Note that the Orthodox Church led chronology from the Creation of the world.

To rule over the minds, hearts and souls of his contemporaries, the church practiced various methods of tracking changes in society. Of course The methods chosen were not the cleanest, although effective. In the arsenal - surveillance, denunciations and good work of the Inquisition. There was an ongoing witch hunt. IN As a result, hundreds of thousands of “witches” were burned at the stake. Practiced mass executions, up to 500 women were burned at the stake per day. Inquisitors, aka grim weapons of the Dominicans (Order of St. Dominic), in search of heretics were guided by the prescriptions of the treatise "The Witches' Hammer". There were accusations absurd, punishments - inhumane, cruel. To force the victim sign a sentence for yourself, torture was used. The most popular are the hugs of the iron virgins", Spanish boot, hanging by hair, waterboarding. As a sign of protest no less terrible “black masses” swept across Europe, which caused a new surge in witch hunts.

The influence of the Catholic Church began to decline sharply in the late Middle Ages, with the end of the centralization process. Secular power noticeably pushed aside the clergy from the adoption of government decisions, which resulted in some liberalization of all sides of life.

The position of the church turned out to be stable in those European countries where the pace economic growth noticeably lagged behind the leaders (Italy, Spain).

Author: Irina Tkachenko

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why is a rattlesnake poisonous?

Scientists believe that there are currently between 3000 and 3500 species of snakes. From 10 to 15% of them are poisonous. They infect or kill their prey with poison. The rattlesnake is a type of venomous snake. The rattlesnake belongs to the group of vipers or vipers. All members of this group are poisonous. The rattlesnake has a scaled rattle, which is where they get their name from. This rattle is very sensitive to the slightest changes in temperature. It allows snakes to detect the presence of a warm-blooded organism even in the dark.

Rattlesnakes have a highly developed and perfect venom system. The fangs are long. Each canine is mounted in a short "upper jaw" and can rotate. When the snake wants to close its mouth, the jaw rotates so that the fangs fit in the mouth and the mouth can close. in relation to the throat.

The poison that the snake releases into its prey affects the blood cells and blood vessels. They swell and bleed. The venom of some snake species, such as the South American rattlesnake, also affects the nervous system.

Rattlesnakes are found only on the American continent, there are about 30 different species of them. Their rattle consists of dry, keratinized ringlets of skin, scales that are firmly attached to each other. When a snake shakes its tail, which happens when it is angry, the scales rub against each other. There is a soft thump or dull sound. This rumble warns animals of danger.

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