What was in the beak of a plague doctor? Detailed answer

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What was in the beak of a plague doctor? Detailed answer

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What was in the beak of a plague doctor?

In medieval Europe, special plague doctors were hired to treat those affected by the plague, who wore a protective kit of a leather cloak, gloves, boots and a hat. The most noticeable detail of their costume was a mask with a bird's beak. Substances with strong odors were placed in it - dried flowers and herbs, spices, camphor or a sponge with vinegar, since it was believed that the plague was transmitted precisely through bad "miasms" that had to be drowned out.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Conspiracy theorists like to say that the one dollar bill and the Great Seal of the United States say "New World Order." In fact, the Latin saying "Novus ordo seclorum" is translated differently: "The new order of the ages." This motto was placed on the Great Seal to commemorate the independence of the United States and the beginning of a new era in American history.

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Electrically conductive gel could help create flexible robots 14.04.2023

Engineers at Carnegie Mellon University have succeeded in combining polymers with liquid metal to develop an organogel composite that is ultra-flexible and highly conductive.

Thanks to the new gel, scientists may be on their way to creating the first truly "soft" robots and self-healing biometric devices. According to the creators, their material is soft and very elastic, with a deformation limit of more than 400%.

To create a composite, the original polymer was immersed in a solvent to achieve plasticity. The resulting polymer base was then mixed with microscopic droplets of a liquid gallium-indium alloy and silver flakes. The end product was a low-density gel-like substance containing enough metal to transmit electricity.

The torn piece of the composite can be reattached, after which it will restore its shape. Its electrical conductivity is superior to any other elastic material, allowing electrical components to be connected without sacrificing functionality.

The main problem with most gel substances is their tendency to dry out, but the developers used ethylene glycol as the base, which has a negligible evaporation rate.

The inventors used their composite to create a snail robot, a toy car, and a biometric monitor. The new composite was used only to connect the battery and motor of the snail robot and proved to be highly maintainable.

In the toy car, the new material made it possible to quickly combine electrical circuits and power the engine and headlights. As a reconfigurable bioelectrode, the material can be used to measure muscle activity using electromyography (EMG) on any part of the body.

Removing the most "rigid" machine components and replacing them with gelled "nervous systems" will allow engineers to create truly flexible robots and devices. This opens up countless possibilities, especially in medicine, where scientists can mimic living organs or create self-healing biometric monitors for the heart and other muscles.

Real soft robots can attach to the skin, crawl on the floor of the house and help the owner in everyday activities.

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