Aerosols for use in electronics. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Aerosols for use in electronics. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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When creating radio-electronic equipment, ensuring its performance during operation, as well as during repairs, a wide variety of chemicals are widely used. The foregoing applies equally to mass-produced devices, as well as to single prototypes, including amateur radio designs. One of the most modern methods of delivering a chemical to a specific place of its "work" in an electronic device is the application by local spraying followed by evaporation of the transferring chemical agent, or, in other words, using them in the form of aerosols.

This article describes products with the KONTAKT CHEMIE trademark of CRC Industries Europe NV concern The concern, the undoubted leader in Europe in the production of aerosol chemicals of the highest quality for electronics, supplies the Russian market with more than thirty types of products that can be divided into several groups. These are cleaning products and preparations for contact treatment, lubricants and protective preparations, preparations for creating conductive and protective coatings, preparations for special purposes.

The trading partner of CRC Industries Europe NV with distribution rights for the distribution and support of these products is the Moscow company "Electronic Components".

Contact preparations solve one of the most painful problems in the creation of electronic devices - protection against corrosion and contamination of contacts of switches, connectors, chip panels, fuse holders, etc. The high quality of contact cleaning ensures the consistent use of three preparations - KONTAKT 60. KONTAKT WL. KONTAKT 61. The first of them dissolves and decomposes oxides on the contact surface, the second washes away the remains of oxides and dirt, and the third forms a protective film on the cleaned surface, which protects it from corrosion and determines the high quality of contact for a long period.

KONTAKT 61 is recommended to be applied to non-oxidized contacts of new products in order to extend their service life. To protect contacts and preserve any electrical and mechanical equipment (including those in cars), they produce a universal preservative preparation KONTAKT 40, which displaces moisture and removes rust. KONTAKT WL, by the way, can also be used on its own, as it removes dirt, tarred oils and greases, rosin and other contaminants from the surfaces of parts and assemblies.

But it is useful to treat contacts coated with gold, silver, tin, rhodium and palladium with KONTAKT GOLD 2000, which creates a protective film and significantly reduces their wear.

All of the listed preparations do not conduct electric current and are chemically neutral to most dielectrics used in electronic devices.

KONTAKT IPA is a general purpose cleaner used for cleaning magnetic heads, rubber rollers, optics and mirrors. It removes tar-laden grease and pasty dirt from precision mechanisms. And for the removal of heavily soiled devices operating in difficult conditions (high-voltage switches, antenna insulators, electric motors, etc.), it is better to use a special degreaser DEGREASER 65.

You can tidy up the surface of display and TV screens, as well as various optical equipment (for example, copiers), with SCREEN 99. It is also suitable for cleaning metal, ceramic and plastic surfaces, but for this (in particular, for cleaning porous surfaces in a computer and copiers) release a special preparation - SURFACE 95. It will help there. where other cleaning products cannot handle.

Of the special lubricants, LUB OIL 88 should be highlighted. It does not contain silicones and is not prone to gum formation. This acid-free composition is particularly suitable for lubricating tape recorder drives (video, audio) and precise mechanisms of office equipment. KONTAFLON 85 and VASEUN 701 preparations are produced for dry lubrication of progressively moving and rotating surfaces. The first of them is an aerosol suspension based on fine-grained fluoroplastic powder and is suitable for electronic and telecommunication equipment operating in a wide temperature range (from -50 to +260 ° C ). VASEUN 701 is made on the basis of white acid-free vaseline and has proven itself in the maintenance of telecommunications equipment and antenna facilities.

Modern equipment, as a rule, is placed in plastic cases. With all their advantages, they do not have shielding properties and are able to accumulate charges of static electricity on their surfaces. These shortcomings of plastic housings can be eliminated with the help of EMI 35, which contains copper powder. The drug is applied to the inner surfaces of the case, and after 30 minutes the coating turns into a thin conductive layer with stable characteristics.

A dry conductive coating for removing static electricity is also created by GRAPHIT 33, which is made on the basis of colloidal graphite and has high adhesive properties to any structural materials. But the ZINK 62 preparation, which consists of 95% pure zinc and also creates an electrically conductive layer, allows you to solve a different problem - to provide anti-corrosion galvanic coating of any metals. It is used to protect a wide variety of equipment, in particular in cars.

VIDEO 90 is used to maintain the magnetic heads of VCRs, which cleans them from magnetic powder deposits, dust and other contaminants. Excess drug after cleaning evaporate, leaving no residue. It is not aggressive towards magnetic media and materials.

In modern electronic components and precision mechanisms, parts made of polystyrene and polycarbonate are widely used, which are especially sensitive to conventional aerosol solvents. To minimize the possible effect of solvents on such parts, it is recommended to clean them with TUNER 600 (high frequency instruments) and CLEANER 601 (computers).

One of the weak points of a dot matrix printer is the print head. It gets dirty quickly because ink, ink ribbon particles, thickened grease, etc. stick to it. The PRINTER 66 special preparation not only cleans the head easily, but also creates an anti-static coating on it, which will minimize further contamination. If there is no need to clean the surface of the device, but you just need to give it antistatic properties, then this task will be solved by ANTISTATIK 100, which, by the way, is suitable for processing fabrics. And for lovers of listening to records, it is simply necessary, because it largely eliminates clicks that occur due to static electricity.

It is well known that it is very difficult to remove traces of adhesive on the surface of a product by conventional means after the decal has been removed. But the drug LABEL OFF 50 copes with this task effortlessly, since it dissolves most adhesives, including those. that on self-adhesive labels. It very effectively removes stains of paints, resins and glues (including from hands).

Among the preparations with the KONTAKT CHEMIE trademark there are products for cleaning printed circuit boards (KONTAKT PCC). displacement of water from the surface of the material (FLUID 101), insulating varnishes - silicone (SILICONE 72). acrylic (PLASTIK 70), polyurethane (URETHAN 71) and special high temperature (SIU50L 73). varnish and flux for soldering (FLUX SK 10), photosensitive varnish for the manufacture of printed circuit boards and for transferring images to metal (POSITIV 20), a product that allows you to quickly transfer the image to. a substrate (TRANSPARENT 21>, a means for spot cooling of overheated elements of electronic devices (FREEZE 75), etc.

Some of these aerosol preparations make it easy to make high-quality printed circuit boards (including at home).

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Photocell based on graphene 25.09.2013

Three groups of physicists at once: from Austria, Hong Kong and from the USA presented prototypes of photodetectors based on graphene. These devices convert infrared optical signals into electrical impulses, and the efficiency of graphene photodetectors is higher than that of similar devices of the traditional type.

All three developments are somewhat different from each other, but they all use the key feature of graphene - the ability to convert light quanta with different energies into electrical impulses. Traditional photodetectors work due to the fact that a light quantum transfers energy to a charge carrier sufficient to overcome a potential barrier, a gap between energy levels in a semiconductor, but graphene is not a "full" semiconductor and it does not have a so-called band gap.

Due to the absence of a band gap, graphene detectors were able to register (in the case of the development of a group from the Chinese University in Hong Kong) light quanta in the mid-infrared range, with a wavelength of 1,55 to 2,75 micrometers. The authors claim that their detector is capable of operating at room temperature, although germanium analogs with sensitivity in the same range require cooling with liquid nitrogen. As Nature News explains, operating at room temperature could make it easier to identify chemicals in the atmosphere and make biochemical studies more accessible for diagnostic purposes.

A member of the American group, Dirk Englund, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also emphasized that the data transfer rate through graphene-based photodetectors was 12 gigabits per second, that is, it turned out to be comparable to conventional semiconductor devices. According to his forecasts, the rapid transition to graphene will occur when scientists and technologists learn how to synthesize this two-dimensional material in industrial quantities with consistently high quality: today this is the main obstacle to graphene electronics.

The absence of a band gap, explains one of the scientists who created the new detectors, Thomas Müller of the Institute of Technology in Vienna, made it an ideal material for a device that converts infrared pulses into electrical ones.

Muller explained (and these explanations are true for all three devices described in Nature Photonics) that graphene promises to be cheaper than traditional germanium, and operations with graphene have already been sufficiently developed at the technological level. The key problem that prevented the creation of graphene photodetectors earlier was the transparency of the material: graphene, which transmits light and infrared radiation, was poorly suited for a device whose action, by definition, is associated with the absorption of radiation. The first samples of detectors obtained in 2009 and then described in Nature Nanotechnology had very low efficiency due to their transparency, and it was impossible to talk about the practical application of such devices. The problem has only now been solved: the current emitted by the detectors during illumination has not yet reached the value typical for germanium devices, but has already exceeded the results of 50 by more than 2009 times. According to all developers, the gap will soon be closed; in addition, the new detectors have already surpassed germanium in other parameters.

Due to the greater mobility of charge carriers compared to silicon and many semiconductors, graphene is considered a promising material for electronic devices. Its disadvantages include the absence of a band gap in unmodified graphene, as well as the technological complexity of obtaining large homogeneous sheets.

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